All Forms of Cloning Are Not the Same - Essay Sample

Introduction

In the strive to understand the philosophic theory of cloning, it is essential to note that cloning is a process of producing genetically viable or identical individuals of a particular organism either artificially or naturally. In the nature set up, various bodies produce and deliver clones through asexual reproduction while in the biotechnology cloning in involves a process of creating clones of cells or DNA structures. In the current revolution concerning cloning, there have been various developments and advancement especially in biology and philosophy whereby there are numerous areas involved with the occurrence (genomics, transgenesis, gene therapy, and cellular reprogramming); however, it is gaining usage in different sectors including; medical, environmental, agricultural and also stockbreeding (Brown, 2016). As a result of various controversies and occurrences concerning forms of cloning, it delivers different claims. The most massive misunderstanding concerning clones is the assumption that clones are genetically identical to the organisms being clones; and therefore, they are all the same.

Is your time best spent reading someone else’s essay? Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER!

Order now

However, in the details of this paper, it will cover a critical analysis regarding the occurrence that all forms of cloning are not the same. Also, it will deliver an argument regarding the kinds of cloning as well as the key components.

The philosophic theory of cloning covers different forms of cloning. For example, According to National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), there is a natural form of cloning, molecular cloning, cell form of cloning, and organism cloning (reproductive cloning). In the context of the natural form of cloning, it involves a natural form of reproduction that enables and facilitates the creation of different life forms that have spread for the longest time now since the beginning of time. In most of the cases, this form of cloning is a reproduction method used by bacteria and plants as a way existence continuity. On the other hand, molecular cloning involves a process of developing numerous molecules especially in amplifying DNA fragments consisting of genes. In this form of cloning, the involves DNA structures broken down to ensure continuity of a given unicellular molecule. In other types of cloning such as cell cloning, it consists of the creation of a population of cells from a single cell. In cell cloning form of cloning; divided into both cloning of unicellular organisms and cloning stem cells, it ensures a transfer of genetic information through therapeutic purposes (National Human Genome Research Institute, 2018).

Similarly, there is the organism form of cloning, also referred to as reproductive cloning as it involves the creation of new multicellular organisms that may comprise of similar genetic identity. In most of the occurrences, it includes artificial cloning especially with the existence of human cloning. In this form of cloning, it has delivered underlying controversies since most people end up overseeing the utilization of other ways of cloning for this one. Correspondingly, there are some misinterpretations and misunderstandings concerning the constitutes of a clone, especially in human cloning. According to McGee and Caplan (2000), there has been public opinion concerning human cloning and stem cell research with various occurrences sparking public involvement. In a successful human clone, it would be an identical genetic twin; however, since individuals are more than genes, a clone would comprise of its character, intelligence, as well as personality considering that one can not clone the human mind.

Therefore, even if an individual wanted to clone themselves, one cannot duplicate their identical self since it would seek more than just reproduction. Regardless of the possibility of the philosophic theory of cloning will develop in the next 15 to 20 years, the process would involve more than just cloning of a sheep such as the "dolly" sheep. As Wilmut (2006) provides, different factors are underlying the involvement of human cloning considering ethics especially with the creation of Dolly.

Moreover, with the consideration that not all forms of cloning are the same, it sets a viewpoint especially in understanding the involvement of cloning and ethical considerations. For instance, with a focus on human cloning, it raises various ethical concerns as multiple individuals are against its occurrence, practices, as well as research. According to May (2016), the public is disapproving the involvement of human reproductive cloning terming it as morally unacceptable. However, most recently, at least 13% of the American population is confirming the idea as ethically acceptable. Similarly, a large number of people seem to deny the entire concept of cloning since they do not understand the different forms of cloning as they relate human cloning as the only form of cloning. As a result of the unusual circumstance and outcomes surrounding cloning, it creates a basis that all types of cloning are different.

Conclusion

It is critical to understand that while clones may involve genetics, they are not identical on a genetic point of view since most of the occurrences are not only as a result of genes despite comprising a large part of the structure. The structure and forms of cloning should not be categorized as one but according to their nature and structural formation. Moreover, apart from the fact that all forms of cloning are not the same, it is also evident that clones are not exact copies or duplicates but may be termed as modifications.

Works Cited

Brown, Terence A. Gene cloning and DNA analysis: an introduction. John Wiley & Sons, 2016.

May, Joshua. "Emotional reactions to human reproductive cloning." Journal of medical ethics 42.1 (2016): 26-30.

McGee, Glenn, and Arthur L. Caplan, eds. The human cloning debates. Berkeley: Berkeley Hills Books, 2000.

NHGRI. "Cloning Fact Sheet." National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), 2018, https://www.genome.gov/25020028/cloning-fact-sheet/

Wilmut, Ian, et al. After Dolly: The uses and misuses of human cloning. London: Little, Brown, 2006.