Annotated Bibliography on Career Development

In this work, Atli (2016) provides information on the effects that are associated with career counseling session, specifically the one based on the trait-factor theory. It focuses on career maturity as well as career indecision levels that face the majority of the high school students. The article is vital in showing how the type of career that one selects can affect the life of a person. The critical career choose decision usually is made when the learner is within the high school, which shows the value to focus on this group. Most of the high school students are not lucky when it comes to getting the right information that they can use to make their careers. The work provides some of the basics skills that are required by an individual for the career choice process to take place in the right manner. With the right skills, then the learners will exhibit some forms of career choice maturity. It has a three-phase career choice process that the learners are supposed to be aware of. In overall, it is evident that trait-factor career counseling sessions are vital in increasing the chances of a learner selecting the right career. Career maturity is indicative of the fact that a person has enough information that they can use to make their right career choices at any level.

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The work is vital in understanding Holland's theory, classifications materials, and the instruments that can be used for career choices. To assist individuals in making the right career choices, it is essential for the counseling phycologist to know about the instruments and how they are to be used. The article helps to show how individuals can generate core skills related to career development practice and assessments. It comes out with the six personality types that are explained in Holland's work, which will enable one to make the right career choices. The historical context in which the theory was developed is articulated, and that will help the reader to appreciate and underhand how to use it. The Holland theory has undergone multiple evolution and refinement, and the instances are explained together with the reasons as to why the changes were made to it. Reading about the status of the theory shows how the tests are conducted and the differences from how it was formerly done. The impacts of this theory are explained in this work and the ways it affects the field of counseling phycologists. It is an article that will help the study in showing the contributions that Holland made to the area of counseling phycology and how most of the current theories borrow much from the work he did.

In this article, the stage theories associated with psychological development are explained and the manner they possess irreversible changes. The changes are explained and how they follow one another through a rigid order. Reading the article, one will appreciate that people who may decide to change their major field of career choice will have significant effects on their life activities and may fail to get the right one. Individuals who can make a complete transition to a second career will be satisfied in the overall career development process as opposed to somebody being stuck in the field that has dissatisfactions. The satisfaction one will be great compared to the losses experienced while in the wrong choice. The concerns raised with super career development are highlighted. The work will be vital in the study to show how to make global career satisfaction audits among different careers.

The author seeks to explore the applications of positive psychology in career counseling in which it is posited as an instrumental avenue for conceptual and empirical applications that can be used to understand further the individual wellbeing providing a more holistic element to assess individuals with life and career problems. The author notes that although career counseling derives most of its theories from counseling psychology there is a gap in conducting a holistic review of clients and the paper seeks to create a comparative analysis on the career counseling and counseling psychology and how positive psychology can help cross the gap left by counseling psychology theories by facilitating a more holistic evaluation and response to career-related problems. This article will be instrumental in my study by providing a gap between career counseling and counseling psychology and how elements of positive psychology can help career counselors to provide more elaborate analysis and resources.

Velez & Moradi (2012) assesses the theory of work adjustment application in career counseling targeting bisexual, lesbian, and gay employees who are faced with heterosexist discrimination. The authors seek to identify how the theory of work adjustment tenets such as the value of the employees and existing reinforcing factors within the work environment can be used to measure the overall employee satisfaction within their workplace. The study seeks to assess the role of the Theory of Work Adjustment overall effectiveness in determining potential discrimination in the workplace. The primary limit of using the theory identified by the authors is that it is dependent on the employee's subjective perceptions on the fit and job satisfaction instead of separate factors which leads to potential bias. The use of the theory of work adjustment in assessing employee workplace satisfaction is shown to be incoherent due to the difference between the employee values and those of the workplace. However, the study notes that the perception of fit is an essential approach of assessing workplace support, especially for the LGB employees. Therefore, this article will be instrumental in establishing the use of the theory of work adjustment use in understanding workplace environment from an organizational and employee perspective.

The authors assess the relationship between the work adjustment and attachment theories and how they can be used in employment counseling. RenfroMichel et al. (2009) create educational research on how the theory of work adjustment can be used to improve the overall employee satisfaction as well as an understanding of the total work environment and its implication on an individual employee. The authors view career development as a continuous process that can significantly be enriched by the theory of work adjustment which is a solution to the previous trait and factor which have only been able to match employees with appropriate careers. The authors note that choosing the right career is not enough, and career development requires the application of the theory of work adjustment to help employees to adjust to different organization situations. This article approves the use of the theory of work adjustment as a career counseling theory capable of helping employees in career development.

According to Janssen et al. (2013), the self-determination perspective is a significant career counseling technique which is used in career guidance as a means of tapping on other employees relationships as an opportunity for career advancement. The authors advance on the use of self-determination theory as a means of improving career mentorship by targeting developmental support functions. Janssen et al. note that the adoption of the self-determinism theory increases the holistic and comprehensive view which increases the ability of the counselor to meet the developmental needs of individual employees such as relatedness, autonomy, and competence. The information posited by Janssen et al. is highly credible because the authors have used a quantitative survey targeting different organizations. The resulting report shows that self-determinism theory can be used to encourage self-initiation, to promote employee autonomy, to promote values congruence between organizations and employees and more importantly found the necessity for organizations to engage in career support activities which increases employee competence.

Aulthouse, Kolbert, Bundick, & Crothers (2017) posits that positive psychology principles can be instrumental in student-based career development counseling. The authors hold that the five constructs of the positive psychology theory such as strengths, gratitude, emotions, and perceiving a calling can be used to promote career development interventions in schools. The authors show that career-oriented counseling should begin in learning institutions by using the positive psychology theory which is critical in identifying the strengths of an individual and matching them with their respective future potential occupations which increases employee preparedness. The arguments posited by the authors are highly credible because they are based on the positive psychology theory which develops five major avenues of viewing individual strengths and aligning them with career characteristics to ensure that students in future only pursue career choices that are highly suited to their psychological features. The article is essential in promoting career counseling credibility and acceptability from the school level. The article establishes areas for future research in matter school counseling, which seeks to improve the application of positive psychology in a school-based setting to promote career development.

Robertson, P. J. (2013). The wellbeing outcomes of career guidance.

The article by Robertson (2013) assesses the wellbeing factors in career guidance, which acts as a guiding point for career counselors to deliver deliberate and more productive career counseling. The impact of career guidance on individual wellbeing is a significant consideration by the career counselors with in-depth conceptual and empirical implication on the overall career counseling activities. The research holds that career guidance has an analogous effect on the recipients, which is therapeutic and promotes positive consequences on an individual life. Therefore, the research advocates for the integration of health and employment objectives for the holistic benefits of the guidance recipients. Thus, the study finds a potential impact of career guidance on the overall wellbeing of an individual. What the author in this article proposes is that there is a direct relationship between career counseling and the well being of the career guidance recipients. The information by Robertson (2013) is reliable because it is based on surveys from concerned counseling clients as well as case studies where career counseling has been associated with positive personal and psychological wellbeing. Therefore, the research advocates for a fluid approach when dealing with career counseling and the overall therapeutic wel...