Impact of Physical Activities in Nursing Adults With Mental Health and Suffering From Depression

Aim and Research Question

The purpose of this research is to explore the impact of physical activities in nursing adults with mental health and suffering from depression. Through the study, health care providers and people working closely with this type of elderly population are able to understand them making service delivery easy.

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Research Questions

Does an outside Physical activity program improve the mental health status of adults with clinical depression?

Background

Depression is the most frequent alteration of mood that occurs to between 5 and 10% of the general population. The disorder is more frequent in women than in men and appears especially between 18 and 44 years of age. In this way it is calculated that approximately 340 million people in the world suffer from it and that by the year 2020 will cause more loss of years of healthy life, being surpassed only by heart diseases (Bergmann, Klaus, et al., 1978). Psychological disorders such as depression are not adequately mental illnesses. The notion of disease, correctly established in Medicine, does not agree, however, to conquer the conditions that are part of the change of psychopathology. For the time being, they do not have an identified biological etiology, and the truth is that after a more excellent knowledge of the brain we do not know more than a century ago about the presumed cerebral mechanisms of depression. On the other hand, complexity of the factors involved and the importance of personal, family and social factors is more vibrant in today's world.

On the other hand, these disorders also do not have the nosologic entity that is supposed to be a disease. In reality, depression is a psychological disorder that is more related to the vicissitudes of life than to those of biology. All this does not mean that these disorders, and others, can be defined objectively. The Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry have methods, instruments and psycho-diagnostic criteria that allow their identification.

Literature Review

I. Introduction

In the course of life, human beings experience fluctuations at the mental and emotional level, which have great inherence on the development, maintenance, and creation of links in our society. These relationships marks or redefines the innate, as well as acquired characteristics of our personality, this series of features, will provide the critical tools for success in obtaining a healthy mind from the clinical point of view, regarding an optimal quality of life. One of the phenomena with a higher incidence in the older adult population and that alters the way we perceive and react to the environment is depression, a condition that for many reasons in the elderly is often ignored or not treated. When a person ages, the signs of depression are much more likely to be seen in form of irritability or bad mood. Depression can also be challenging to recognize. Confusion or attention to problems results in Alzheimer's disease or other brain disorders. It can be difficult for a diagnosis of depression but once diagnosed, people who are depressed often feel better with the right treatment. Physical activity plays an essential role in the prevention and complement of clinical therapy in the intervention of various pathologies (Penedo, Frank, and Jason, 2005). That is why the present work, the information on the different aspects of the exercise of the influence of the favorable way in the aging process of the multi-causal form.

II. Causes of Depression

The causes of depression can either be internal or external based and even if they work interrelated, they get clearly distinguished from each other at the end. The external reasons are only problems that effect on the previously created inner-problems that deploy the depressive state. Frequent examples are effective disappointments, interpersonal conflicts, marginalization or isolation by other people, retirement not accepted, economic problems and the death of loved ones, among others. But if the above situations do not have the same effect on all people, it will be understood that the exact causes of depressions are internal, which lead, for a period of time, to a maladjustment or psychological disharmony that, in turn, constitutes a fertilized field for, sooner or later, depression to arise (Mollee, 2018).. Examples of this are hypersensitivity, prolonged fears, worries, frustrations, pessimism, sadness, nervous tension, isolation, loneliness, dependence, progressive deteriorating with age, and intense longing for the past, rigidity, among others. Knowing these causes serves as an aid to get out of depression or as prevention if one is not in it. However, the essential key to solving the problem, whatever its severity, is in achieving the appropriate level of attention, both directed at the depressive state and generalized at all possible times of everyday life - that allows understanding and, therefore, transmute this experience. This attitude, in itself, controls the influx of pessimistic thoughts to the mind, which can be helped by the automatic decision to substitute each contrary idea that arrives by its opposite or another positive one.

III. Symptoms of Depression

According to the National Institute of Health, depression is a mental health condition in which the affected person presents feelings of misery, and suffers low self-esteem. The symptoms of depression represent a blow to self-esteem and lead to various ailments. These symptoms include Irritable or depressed mood, feeling of disability or sorrow, loss or decreased interest in daily activities, quick temper, agitation, poor eating habits, loss of appetite, involuntary weight loss or weight gain, sleeping problems, fatigue or exhaustion, muscle aches, loss of concentration, loss of memory consciousness, hallucination, excessive or unjustified guilt, impaired conduct among others. As a result of the above, it is advisable for the affected people to engage themselves in physical and mental activities in which to focus attention, practice physical exercises, look for positive environments try to communicate with optimistic and stimulating people. In the specific case of the older adult at the national level, the causes have a similar origin to all depressions and have factored in common. Compiled studies carried out at the national level have shown that the leading causes of depression in the elderly are lack of active type due to the lack of social interaction, or adverse social relations, the deficiencies of mobilization accentuated, lack of economic resources to satisfy basic needs and the feelings of loneliness given by the abandonment of their families. Regarding quality of life terms in the elderly, it is associated with social, economic and affective factors, which influence their ability to face old age healthily and emotionally (Deimling, Gary, and David, 1986)

IV. Family Situations of the Elderly

The filial ties are a significant determinant of the mental health of the elderly, and dramatically affect their mood, especially by a feeling of support and acceptance, which when not considered may trigger a state of depression due to lack of family bonding. There are several factors indicated by (Kessler, Ronald, and Bedirhan, 2004) which are involved in the family situation of the elderly person, for example, the capacity of autonomy of the person is a crucial point in the family relationship of the person, the lower the independence, and the greater dependence of the help on the part of the relatives. Older adults are subject to a hierarchical change in which they go from being heads of household to belonging to a head of household. Widowhood is another of these factors that directly influence the mood of the person and can affect their mental health as well as the factors mentioned above. It is observed that older adults live in homes that are both self-sufficient (only older adults live) and multigenerational (living together with other younger generations). However, in recent years the number of free homes has increased, which could indicate that there is an increase in autonomy, or a greater abandonment by families to older adults due to the weakening of ties. Subsidiaries Socio-cultural relations involve an aspect of great importance in the personality of the older adult, the degree of acceptance at the social level, intervenes in the mood states of the person to feel part of a society, and that different generation can interrelate. In many occasions the older adult is isolated from specific populations, mainly the younger generations; this causes the older adult population to feel separated from society.

V. Benefits of Physical Activities

Physical activities and exercise has a direct impact on the health of people, both physically and mentally, and that the environmental interest leads to a better mood of the people because the illnesses get perceived in a better way (Deimling et al., 1986). The degree of autonomy increases and the esteem improves to a great extent, so it is an excellent way to prevent and treat depression in this population. Several authors point out the numerous benefits of physical exercise in the older adult, the benefits are based on physical, social and mental aspects, the first two have a direct incidence on the third, and so several advantages are mentioned. Among the immediate benefits of physical exercise are:

• It reduces the risk of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases.
• Prevent and delay the process of hypertension and decreases blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients.
• Improve the blood lipid profile.
• It improves the regulation of blood glucose and reduces the risk of suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Improves digestion and intestinal flow
• Increase enthusiasm and optimism
• Helps to fight factors that favor the development of cardiovascular diseases
• Reduces the risk of falls, helps to delay or pre-come chronic diseases and those associated with aging.
• Improve their quality of life and increase their ability to live independently
• Helps to improve and control the spread of many chronic diseases.

All these benefits directly affect the quality of life of the elderly, benefiting physically, socially and mentally, avoiding disorders that may lead to depression. Dementias and psychological disorders, such as depression, are substantially controlled by treating these patents multilaterally. When physical activity programs are implemented in these approaches, the results are more satisfactory (Penedo et al., 2005). In some chronic diseases, the multi-directional approach with physical exercise has also obtained better results especially in conditions such as hypertension, cancer, osteoporosis, among others. There are some types of physical activity that also work holistically as an alternative therapy, in several studies it has been observed that the use of this type of treatments, have a high incidence on the improvement of the quality life expectancy of the older adult, through increased functional capacity, stress relief, decreased tension, and a better state of well-being.

VI. Conclusion

In the present review, we have identified the intervention modalities of a valid exercise in the treatment of depression in the elderly. Before choosing the most appropriate exercise modalities, the state of the patient's disease should be well characterized. Ideally, some adjustments should be made after the intervention program to optimize the exercise so that we can obtain the expected results and thus be able to quantify the newly diagnosed therapeutic value with depressive patients.

Older adults who present with a depressive condition will benefit more if their exercise plan ranges from moderate intensity to intense, and resistance training in combination with adequate energ...