Improving Nurses Practice to Reduce the Number of Falls in Male Rehabilitation

Chapter 2: Literature Review

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2.1 Introduction

Conducting literature review is essential for any research. It allows one to bring into perspective the opinions of other scholars in support of the researchs hypothesis. It can be described as a method of sourcing answers or views in regards to a particular research. For a literature review to be successful, a researcher must ensure that the sources selected are in line with the issue of interest, timely and that the associated scholars are credible (Aveyard, 2014). Randolph (2009) mentioned about the advantages of literature reviews such as they assist in getting support to identify the relationship between new ideas and current practice, and seeking support from different opinions. Through literature review, one is able to form a rapport with the audience of interest such that the audience perceives that adequate research has been done on a topic. It also assists in presenting facts regarding an issue in addition to reducing issues associated with plagiarism. Furthermore, it exposes one to more information regarding a topic such that one becomes effluent in arguing about it (Randolph, 2009).

In regards to the research topic Improving Nurses Practice To Reduce The Number Of Falls In Male Rehabilitation Units, the literature review has been conducted to understand the views of various scholars about effective education to nurses in addition to making a critical analysis of the associated content. In other words, the literature review is focused towards the critical review of current practices which might improve the practices of nurses and reduction in the number of falls in the male rehabilitation units. By collecting more information from the literature review, it becomes easier to have information that supports the reason for applying the project to improve nurses practice through education (Aveyard, 2014). In a general perspective, the falls in the nursing profession include mistakes that practitioners find themselves in coincidentally. The falls affect their quality of services in addition to limiting any approach for improvement. The falls also affect the rapport between them and their patients such that the level of trust may be negatively affected. Therefore, it becomes important to analyze ways of improving their practices with the focus being on improvements in the male rehabilitation units.

From the literature review, four factors are perceived to be significant in analyzing the improvement of nurses practice to reduce the number of falls in male rehabilitation units:

Significance of education training programs for the nursing practitioners

The need and importance for educating the patients

The impact of simulation-based lab training to nurses

Improving quality care and patient safety in Organization

The relevance of the four factors is to explain various aspects related to the research topic. The factors will explain the significance of a number of strategies used to reduce the number of falls in rehabilitation units. In the following chapter, the aspects to be considered include; literature review to give back up to the project; a description of the search strategy; a discussion of the themes by presenting the literature review, and implications of carrying out the literature review for the project.

2.2 Search strategy

For this systematic review, the literature has been acquired from different electronic databases. It is worth noting that for any literature review, the databases used should be accredited such that they contain scholarly articles that are peer-reviewed. For adequate analysis of the sources, the aspects to consider include; the questions that the scholars are seeking answers; the influence of other sources in regards to views on the chosen articles; the research methodologies that were employed in regards to variables, results and the scholars conclusions; the significance of the sources and whether there are still gaps that need to be worked on; the questions raised by the sources; presence of contradicting studies; and also if the articles are peer reviewed.

The scholarly articles focus on the evaluation of the impact of education and on the job training of nurses and the strategies for educating the patients. The sources from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) library were used for the review. The electronic databases employed include PubMed, Google Scholar, CINHAL and EBSCO and Emerald. The fundamental purpose behind the selection of these databases is that these databases always provide up to date information on different fields in addition to having works with accredited scholars. Also, they are mostly used by researchers as sources for information. To limit the research to specific content, filtration had to be applied to define the year of publication, the language and the studies confined about nurse practitioners. After getting the desired articles, the most relevant articles were selected, and the sorting of these articles was done by screening Abstract and conclusion which give an idea about the content of each article. It is worth noting that limiting the materials to certain aspects makes the analysis manageable in addition to ensuring that the review is not too broad or narrow. By reviewing the abstracts and conclusion, time is saved as they summarize the associated information. Some sources were obtained through the assessment of references and bibliographies of other sources and hence saving time on identifying the sources to include in the study.

The entire search was conducted by using search terms including, education sessions for nurses, simulation courses for nurses, significance of educating patients,"training,"E-learning," and,"quality and safety ." The terms were also selected to narrow down on the research topic such that only specific information was targeted. Finally, the articles were reviewed and summarized to support the rationale of this project.

2.3 Review of Themes

As noted earlier, the points of focus for the study include;

Significance of education training programs for the nursing practitioners

The need and importance for educating the patients

The impact of simulation-based lab training to nurses

Improving quality care and patient safety in Organization.

2.3.1: Significance of education training programs for the nursing practitioners: Training programs have been perceived to be quite effective for professionals in various fields. Most organizations conduct training during recruitments processes and also during one's practice. The viewpoint is to keep the professionals at top notch when providing their services. It is important to highlight the fact that nurses have a significant impact on delivering care in the organization and provide a high quality of care to all patients (Breimaier et al., 2011). Different studies have been carried out on the analysis regarding the use of education programs to improve staff knowledge and practice. Rautava et al. (2013) reported that the systematic and well-planned training sessions positively influence the routine practices of nursing practitioners. Most nurses have reported significant improvements after applying what they had learned from the training sessions. Other researchers have also reported that frequent training sessions for nurses enhance the resuscitation skills and hence ultimately contributing to improving the quality of services of health care (Kallestedt et al., 2011; Preusch et al., 2010). It, therefore, becomes evident that training programs tend to be effective in the nursing profession. The goal of the training sessions is to empower and increase nurses confident in their skills such that they put their best in their efforts and ensure that the desired results are obtained. For example, nurses will be alert while doing an assessment and competent while delivering the care and management (Whiting, 2009). The training programs also promote innovation as nurses are encouraged to chip in ideas that may improve the quality of their service delivery. Also, frequent training sessions make nurses be alert for any changes in their profession such that they adapt to them fully without any limitations or challenges. Furthermore, they remind them of what is expected from them in their day to day routines. In other words, the programs make the nurses alert whereby, through the reminder of what is expected from them, they deliver their services as expected; the flaws are strictly prevented (Whiting, 2009). Therefore, training programs are significant is assisting in the reduction of falls in male rehabilitation centers.

Bauman et al. (2014) explained the falls are serious risks with the aging population either residing in the nursing care homes or living in the rehabilitation centers. It is worth noting that the aging population requires plenty of care and attention and hence the need for eliminating falls. For that, the professionally conducted education sessions would enable the nurse practitioners in assisting these patients in improved methods such that complaints are limited. A study conducted by Vieria et al. (2012) involved the education and training course for the nurse practitioners on how to use fall reduction tool. Nurses were trained to collect information on the rate of falls that occurred in wards, the impacts of falls on the patients physical conditions, and the events of reductions in falls in regards to the aging population. From their findings, the education on the application of the tool was quite effective as the nurses employed it in the delivery of their services and hence successful. From their data, the rate of fall of the involved aging patients had been reduced significantly. It becomes evident that training or education programs are effective when it comes to making improvements in the nursing profession such that falls are reduced. Therefore, training programs are significant in assisting the reduction of falls in male rehabilitation centers.

According to Yang et al. (2015), it is important for nurses to have confidence when delivering their services. Therefore, it is important for nursing education to focus on nurses practice and their skills to enhance confident while handling the patients. The same perspective is asserted by Bauman et.al (2014) whereby they state that training the staff will improve their practice by strengthening their ability to improve their abilities such that they experience quality results. Also, training promotes teamwork such that the professionals work as a team rather than alone when delivering their services. Teamwork allows the exchange of ideas, innovation, and brainstorming of ideas and hence resulting in quality results.Therefore, training programs are significant is assisting in the reduction of falls in male rehabilitation centers.

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