Research Paper on Schwarzkopf's Threat of Persian Gulf Landing Against Saddam

Introduction

The war between the U.S army and the rebel in Iraq poised certain challenging situations to both players (Morrissey, 2009). Under the leadership of Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf serving as the commander-in-chief, he led the coalition in the gulf war in the Iraqis territory. Based on the historical account, it is worth acknowledging the fact that, the gulf war was triggered following the declaration by the Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein to invade and occupy the neighbouring Kuwait City. Notably, the invasion of Kuwait was entirely against the United Nations Security Council demands thereby leading to the emergence of the Persian Gulf War. It is for this reason that the U.S military under the commander of Norman Schwarzkopf led an offensive attack which encompasses a series of strategies including the denial and deception as witnessed in this context. It is imperative to note that, Schwarzkopf as commander employed a deceptive approach by intentionally implanting false information on the media away from their planned intention to evacuate the entire Iraqi military from the Kuwait land (Morrissey, 2009). The commander who intended to deceive the Iraqi army pointed out his next attack on the Persian Gulf, but in the real sense, the sole intention of the U.S military was to use the marine forces in the attacks.

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Significantly, by threatening the Iraqi army using deceptive strategy to attack the Persian Gulf worked so quickly for the U.S military troupes by launching their attack from the west. Basically, the invasion of the Persian Gulf called for unleashing 3000 precision-guided bombs and missiles in the first 48 hours in the initial open-air campaign in an attempt to isolate and stagger the Iraqi military to pave the way for the ground attack. On the same account, both the denial and deceptive strategies where both the media as well as foreign the foreign agents provided with false secretes worked out for the entire U.S military under the influence guidance of commander of Norman Schwarzkopf(Keeble, 2010).

Major Players

The Persian Gulf War conflicts both the U.S led coalition and the Iraqi military troupe under the commander of the long-lasting president Saddam Hussein. Notably, the coalition aiding the U.S attack on driving away the Iraqi military from the Kuwait which Saddam claim to be rich in oil production (Ohls, 2008). It is because of the overproduction of oil that prompted Saddam into invading Kuwait resulting in the deceptive approaches by the U.S military led by Norman Schwarzkopf. Tentatively, Saddam who accused Kuwait of illegally pumping oil from Iraq's Rumaila oil field propagated the entire conflict. Significantly, by Iraqis army occupying Kuwait against the declaration by the United Nations Security Council resulted into economic sanction causing massive destructions witnessed.

Shockingly, in the attempt to free Kuwait from the hands of the Iraqis military both Iraq and Kuwait ended up losing a lot of properties in the war. On the same account, prior before the invasion of Kuwait by the Iraqi military troupes headed by Saddam Hussein, they had hinted that Kuwait is part of their territory and that their attack was legal.

Following the hard stand was taken by the Iraqi army and the continued invasion of the Kuwait territory against the United Nations Security Council rendered the entire coalition to adopt the propaganda alongside the deception and denial strategies to help salvage the whole situation. Notably, the deception, as well as the denial approaches as adopted by the Norman Schwarzkopf, was one of the useful tricks which helped the entire troupe to help drive the troupes out of Kuwait.

Based on the in-depth analysis it is revealed that Schwarzkopf's forceful persona went a long way in selling the deception by using the available media by Iraqi military troupes. One of the deceptive approaches adopted by the U.S based commander was on the initial plan to attack the Persian Gulf to help trap the Iraqi based armed groups in Kuwait (Ohls, 2008).

Similarly, based on the historical account wars are considered the most integral elements which have played the huge role in ensuring that America attains superpower status (Galbraith, 2007). On the other hand, It forced the American army to employ a series of diplomatic strategies in order to drive out the entire Iraqi military troupes from Kuwait as declared by the United Nations Security Council.

Tentatively, several attacks saw the U.S military flop in the hands the military until Norman Schwarzkopf tactfully adopted deception strategy by faking attacks on the Gulf thereby tricking the Iraqi troupes. Besides, the entire U.S military coalition headed by Norman Schwarzkopf relied fully on the deception as an approach to the deeply rooted Iraqi military in Kuwait (Galbraith, 2007).

Reasons Why Norman Schwarzkopf Adopted the Deception and Denial Strategy in Gulf Invasion

Various military reports tend to show that, Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf uses the most complex military campaigns which rested upon the fundamental principles of conflict deception. Notably, the plan was basically to render the Iraqi military deaf and blind deceive it on the ally's intention on the specific point of attack thereby engulfing and annihilating it. It is important to acknowledge the fact that, the sole reason why Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf adopted the deceptive approaches was due to the fact that, the Iraqi military had the strong base and has been in existence for the very long time.

Attacking such an organ used military group requires the US military alongside its allies to adopt a more unique and strategic approach to help save the invaded Kuwait by the Iraqi military troupes. In addition, Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf intentionally employed the deceptive approaches in a bid to attack the opponent based on high level of the organization along with the skilled manpower that was present at that time within the Iraqi military. It is also important to note that, the deceptive approach by using the commonly known as the gulf attack was timely since it paved the way for the US attack from the wet upon deceiving Iraqi opponent who entirely concentrated on guarding the Persian Gulf.

However, in order to effectively counter the Iraqis military strategy, the entire crew had to be destabilized entirely by employing the propaganda aligned by certain deceptive tricks on the exact strategic plan of attack. They intentionally confused the Iraqi military troupes by conveying the amphibious exercise to convince the Iraqis that the allies were planning to mount a significant seaborne assault only to covert operations deep behind enemy lines (Swordsman, 2017).

Conversely, deceptive seems one of the unique strategies the opponent would think the US military could use since it was made open in the media alongside the radio transmissions. Based on this transmission, the massive movement of the US and its allied forces to invade the west of the point in southern Kuwait where the coalition troops were expected to launch the attack (Bennett & Paletz, 1994).

Besides, following the in-depth analysis, it is worth acknowledging the fact that, it was easier to penetrate with the whole propaganda into the doorsteps of the opponent as witnessed in the manner in which the leaflets containing the propaganda was distributed. Tentatively, Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf saw it wise to employ the deceptive strategy to avoid massive loss brought by confrontation in the war. On the other account, the strategy also allowed the US military coalition to access the most sensitive integral point of the Iraqis military thereby offering a point of weakness leading to their defeat (Record, 2004).

Basically, deception forms the primary component of war and since then considered a basic strategy worth employing in warfare. Tentatively, based on the nature of the conflict and the war that existed in Kuwait following the invasion of Saddam Hussein, deception was then considered one among the relevant strategies theta could be employed to help confuse the enemy (Cordesman, 2017). However, the idea of deception was only arrived at by Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf since it was easy to operate and seem cheap on its general execution. It is imperative to note that, through the deception strategy confusing and fooling the enemy was then guaranteed since it was the only practical way to under-man and at the same time outgun the enemy in order to win a divisive war systematically.

On the other hand, it is quite cheap, manageable and useful for the commander to fully execute the deception and deception and denial strategy in the warfare. It has been proven in the long run that, the risks that are characterised by the deception approaches are quite minimal since the sole intention was to save Kuwait from the hands of Saddam Hussein. Besides, Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf had a sound knowledge of the deception strategy and its general practices in warfare. The plan seems compatible and in a bid to achieve the high economy of force the systematic approach seems entirely relevant (Bennett & Paletz, 1994).

On the same account, the strategy was considered by Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf in an attempt to execute amphibious exercise with the aim of deceiving the opponent in order to plan and execute the planned attack. In addition, to effectively covert deep operations behind the Iraq military in the Persian Gulf, the use of phoney radio transmissions worked best for the troops which divided the allied forces of the enemy. The strategy then seems useful as it provided the needed platform to attack the Iraqi military from the west point of southern Kuwait (Cordesman, 2017).

The Mechanics of the Deception and Denial Efforts

The deception, in this case, was therefore organized to take place in three phases. The two were to occur by land while the other by the sea. In the view of Schwarzkopf and the entire American military operations managers, this would transform the ground campaign against the Iraqi from the "mother of all battles" to the mother of all maneuvers (Foster, 2006). It would further deprive President Saddam Hussein of the war attrition that he had earlier promised the allied forces. Series of the amphibious feints by the Marines afloat in the Persian Gulf began and transformed into a serious ground assault. This move staggered the westward migration of the two army combat military under cover if the air war that tremendously blinded the President Saddam's troop abilities to carry out a reconnaissance of the allied forces (DeFronzo, 2018).

According to the senior commanders in the U.S army, the strategy underneath it all and reflected the Pentagon's long preoccupation with the fighting the numerically superior foe. As a response to the deception, the Iraqi's huge army in Kuwait presented a first major test of the doctrine. They ceded control of the air from the very first hours of the war (Record, 2004).

The actual deployment after the deception of Saddam and his troops began on 7th August. Notably, the allies started out against a number of hundred thousand Iraqis who were in Kuwait theatre operation at that time. The allies initially were brought over defensive forces. This was set in the form of 101st, the 82nd, the 24th Mechanised Infantry Division, and the Third Armoured Calvary. In this way, the US military had their opponents arrayed to the South behind the Saudi Task Forces (Bennett & Paletz, 1994).

In the middle of November, the generals made decision to increase the force. This was based on the fact that by that time, a considerable number of the Iraqi military soldiers had moved into the areas. In this way, the only way to counter this effect was to increase the forces...