Effects of Immigration Policies on Latino Immigrants - Research Paper

Abstract

Immigration laws have put at jeopardy not only the diversity that the United States is built on but also the well-being of new immigrants settling in the United States. Immigration policies and laws have changed and become strict with the intent to protect the United States from external threats. These reforms have significantly impacted the Hispanic population in the United States causing family deportation, family separation, and economic strain. The purpose of the study is to provide an analysis of the material effects' immigration reforms have on the Hispanic population in the United States. Data is collected using a mixed approach research method from government websites, open internet search engines, and cases studies from single Latino mothers in the United States. Studying the trend in statistical data from 1994 until current day and comparing it to past data of immigration numbers from 1965-1994. The study conducted demonstrated the correlation between immigration reforms and the impacts on Latino immigrants, however, further studies needed to expand the relationship between these two variables.

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Chapter 1: Introduction

Statement of the Problem

There has been an increase of immigrants attempting to enter the United States over the past decade. The immigrants are a concern to policymakers due to the rise of terrorist threats around the world. In conjunction with terror and criminal activity control, immigration laws have dramatically changed to control the flow of immigrants into the United States. Besides solving the underlying problems with immigration, these laws put a significant strain on Latino and immigrants families in the United States. Immigration laws and reforms such as the 287(g) put a sociological and emotional distress in Latino families. Vast reflection of the study is focused on the State of North Carolina considering the enormous growth of the Hispanic population in the past decades. Previous research has shown that the implementation of immigration government control system including the 287(g) programs pose unintended and intended consequences on the Hispanic community. Hispanic immigrants in the State of North Carolina faced many sociological fears among them the fear of deportation and family separations. Immigration laws enforcement officers direct enforcement toward specific ethnic groups in the United States (Miller, 2017). The Hispanic population has faced adversity due to stricter implementation of immigration laws such as the removal of Deferred Action Childhood Arrivals (DACA), 287(g), Visa and Green control screening measures and implantation of processing/ detention centers across the United States. Changes in immigration practice encourage and support racial profiling, stereotyping which result in the persecution of the Hispanic community.

Purpose Statement

Immigration is a complicated matter that raises concerns both at the citizen level and federal law enforcement level. Immigration control measures and practices conducted at the state and federal raise concerns in the Hispanic community. Undocumented immigrants report having difficulty obtaining both state and government services. Additionally, half of the undocumented immigrants in the United States face the fear of deportation (Dorantes, Puttitanun, & Martinez-Donate, 2013). Exploring the punitive measures which are imposed by most recent immigration reforms and practices in the United States and examining the effects of 287(g) in North Carolina and Analyzing the United States immigration policy will assist comprehending the effects immigration policies have on Latino families varying from economic and sociological concerns. Nationally evidence of the adverse perception towards Latino immigrants is demonstrated in the numbers of deportation, raised from 50,924 in 1995 to 387,242 in 2010 (Dorantes et al., 2013). Immigration control measure influenced the number of undocumented immigrants in the United States and reduced the number of new immigrants attempting to settle in the United States, (Dorantes et al., 2013). This study will primarily explore the short, and long-term impacts of immigration policy must documented, undocumented and Hispanics immigrants in the United States and the State of North Carolina. Concerns pertaining Immigration have affected the Latino community since 1965. The study will explore past and current transformations and analyze the effects of these immigration control measures on Latinos immigrants.

Research Question

This study is intended to analyze the effects that immigration policies have on Latino immigrants in the United States. The United States speculate immigrants as criminals and a threat to the stability of The United States. Immigration control is paramount is providing economic and physical security protecting the United States from external threats. The main concern for immigration control measure commenced after September 11th, with the creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). After 2002, the main concern for policymakers became immigration in hopes to prevent another terrorist threat of such magnitude. The effects of these implementations directly threaten the stability of the Hispanic immigrant population. The research questions reflect the association with immigration policy changed and the sociological impacts on Latinos in the United States.

1. How has immigration procedures altered in the United States in the last era and why?
2. How 287(g) enforcement policy is affecting the social stability of Latino immigrants and families in the United States?
3. Does strict immigration control assist secure the economic stability and reduction of crime in The United States?

Hypotheses

Immigration practices affecting Latino immigrants in the United States range from family separation, economic hardship, and reception of government and state assistance service. In conjunction, the lack of training on government law enforcement officers on how to imposing immigration laws to immigrants pose a significant threat and fear across the Latino community. In conclusion, immigration reforms hurt-hurt the stability of Latino immigrants at numerous social levels.

Chapter 2: Literature Review

Introduction

Immigration has been a growing concern in the United States for the last decade, even more so after the September 11th, attacks. After these events, the United States went through a vast amount of policy changes and reforms, which lead to the creation of The Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Within this department, there are an array of different agencies including the US Citizenship and Immigration Services.

Nearly 34 million legal immigrants reside in the United States. Many immigrants live and work in the country after receiving lawful permanent residence while others receive temporary visas available to students and workers (Powers, 2005). Also, roughly about one million unauthorized immigrants have provisional authorization to live and work in the U.S. through the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals and Temporary Protected Status programs (Powers, 2005). Immigration changes, example the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals and other programs have led to the deportation of thousands of individuals that have or wishfully tried to reside in The United States. Deporting more immigrants who have lived for years in the US means tearing individuals away from their spouses, children, households, and employment. US laws fail to systematically screen and prevent wrongful individuals from entering the United States. These failures have continued to impact immigrants and their families within the United States and continue to put a strain on different families across the United States.

The 1965 United States Immigration Policy

The United States immigration act of 1965 which amended the McCarran-Walter Act of 1952. This 1965 act intended to shift away from favoring European countries and focus on preferring immigration numbers to Asian and Latin America countries. The data came from the microdata files of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), for the fiscal year 1972 and, to match with other variables in the dataset, the immigrant stock came from birthplaces as recorded in the US census and interpolated between statistics using the immigrant flow (Hatton, 2015). Under the 1952 Act, approximately 80 percent of the numerical quota favored Western European countries (Hatto...