Nursing Influence on Patient Outcome - Paper Example

Introduction

Having a supportive practice environment has a positive influence on both patients and nurses outcomes. Health facilities need to continue implementing the restructuring strategies to increase efficiency and reducing the cost of healthcare. An important aspect to be considered in the evaluation of health services links to the administration of people (Lankshear, Sheldon, & Maynard, 2005). In the environment of quality, the human dimension is the center of discussions of administration, once the satisfaction of the professionals constitutes fundamental aspect importance for the achievement of the goals of the organization.

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It is evident that, throughout the world, nursing now has to be financially justified and professional. The three main sectors of focus include mental illness, chronic conditions, and functions substitution (Laschinger and Leiter, 2006).

In the elaboration of diagnostic clinical judgment (assessment and diagnosis) differentiation between the medical and nursing is diagnosed. The medical diagnosis focuses on the identification of pathologies, using physical examination techniques (inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation) and complementary diagnostic tests

The nurse collaborates in the assessment of the pathology, but it also has an own field competence focused on identifying the answers human resources and the ability of the person to function Independent. The healthcare practice confirms that before the same electrocardiographic alteration, several individuals show different responses. Therefore, the nurse must do a valuation that allows the formulation of a diagnostic hypothesis nurse and clinic, both in autonomous as interdependent.

We understand by the nursing intervention that all treatment, based on the knowledge and clinical judgment, performed by a nursing professional to promote the expected outcome of the patient. In the field of nursing we could differentiate two types of interventions: those from other professions, also called interdependently, and the independent ones called nursing diagnoses. Each response, resulting from a clinical judgment of the nurse, includes one or several activities that are defined as specific actions performed by the nurse to carry out intervention and that help the patient to move towards the desired result. Nursing interventions involve all set of activities, based on the knowledge and clinical judgment, which is carried out a professional nurse to promote the expected outcome of the patient (Laschinger and Leiter, 2006).

This working group presented a taxonomy in 1987 that includes the interventions carried out by nurses to achieve the proposed health objectives (Nursing Interventions Classification). Despite the methodological difficulties, examples of the benefits of nursing and obstetrics in the interventions of home visits, specialized nursing, and practices involving diseases prevention and management. It is evident that interventions resulted into benefits of nursing and obstetrics in a diversity of results.

The training of nurses has had difficulties in staying up to the demands. The investments in professional training health throughout the world are insufficient to meet the needs. There are system problems about the formation of health professionals and also a lack of correlation between the competencies and the needs of the patients (Laschinger and Leiter, 2006). The capacity of training programs to clinically prepare confident and professional nurses is often undermined by the allocation of insufficient time set aside for clinical learning; the lack of clearly defined training objectives; the use of ineffective teaching methods clinic; inadequate teaching places, congestion in learning facilities and the deficiency of proper learning and practical facilities.

The quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the Nursing personnel can be considered an essential indicator in administration for interfering, directly, in the humanization of assistance, in the effectiveness and the costs of health care. The quantitative of Nursing professionals make it easy to decide the time used by a group of nurses (hours of assistance) to meet the needs of patients, reflecting the standard of care intended by the services of health.

The insufficient number of nursing professionals has negatively affected the quality of care given to patients, resulting in increased danger to adverse events (AEs) as medication errors, and infection related to attendance at health (Lankshear, Sheldon, et al., 2005). It also impacts on rates of morbidity and mortality of patients and the time of hospitalization generating ethical implications and high costs of healthcare. An excessive workload can be exhausting and produce professional dissatisfaction, which increases the rate of absenteeism and rotation compromising goals and the institutional image. Nurses should continually identify the excellence of the nursing practice promoted by their team and use the results found as an administration tool for establishing relevant activities in the working processes.

Effective and cost-efficient health care resonates with the nurses' commitment to act to change health systems around the world to obtain better health outcomes for all. To achieve this, nurses have to understand the overview of health care delivery, including financing, cost-effectiveness, and resource management, as well as the cost of health care and access to care.

There is a highlighted interest about the way in which the countries can offer an adequate response in raising health care demands. Phenomena as the aging of the population, the raising dependence, chronic diseases and the inflation of citizens' expectations, are forcing, faced to limited resources, to elucidate closely which health care interventions produce better outcomes in the population.

It is important to highlight, however, that the increase in the number of nursing personnel alone will not guarantee an improvement in the productivity and quality of care. Review of work processes should come first which assists in eliminating activities that are not beneficial to patients, redundant or even that demand too much team time. In that way, there must be a firm commitment of the nurse in the flow analysis and of the work practices and in the redesign of that process, when necessary.

Research points to the center cost of nursing as being the eldest of the health sector, which carries 33% of the total cost and, over 40% of the direct cost to the patient. Also, it is indicated that at least 80% of the immediate value of health care nursing ends up paying the staff (Chaudhry, Wang, et al., 2006). In this way, the health facilities may view employing new workforce as a significant impact on the overall expenses. An argument solid by the nursing manager, addressing the fact that the increase of the staff cadre, even though it leads to increase in operational cost, not necessarily implies in a decrease in profit but can lead to the natural acquisition of the necessary material wealth aimed at implementation of health sector enhancing strategies.

Conclusion

Knowing and evaluating reality can auxiliary to the nurse and the unit manager, to elaborate proposals, make decisions and negotiate the readjustment of the personnel table and the work processes. New and better plans for efficient health decisions are aimed at improving the health care delivery in hospitals.

References

Lankshear, A. J., Sheldon, T. A., & Maynard, A. (2005). Nurse staffing and healthcare outcomes: a systematic review of the international research evidence. Advances in Nursing Science, 28(2), 163-174.

Wagner, D., & Bear, M. (2009). Patient satisfaction with nursing care: a concept analysis within a nursing framework. Journal of advanced nursing, 65(3), 692-701.

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (Eds.). (2011). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Aiken, L. H., Clarke, S. P., Sloane, D. M., Sochalski, J., & Silber, J. H. (2002). Hospital nurse staffing and patient mortality, nurse burnout, and job dissatisfaction. Jama, 288(16), 1987-1993.

Laschinger, H. K. S., & Leiter, M. P. (2006). The impact of nursing work environments on patient safety outcomes: The mediating role of burnout engagement. Journal of Nursing Administration, 36(5), 259-267.

Chaudhry, B., Wang, J., Wu, S., Maglione, M., Mojica, W., Roth, E., ... & Shekelle, P. G. (2006). Systematic review: impact of health information technology on quality, efficiency, and costs of medical care. Annals of internal medicine, 144(10), 742-752.