Paper Example on Catalyst Used in Chlorobezene Production

Ferric chloride as one of the catalysts used in chlorobezene production and it has several advantages. The acid has two oxidation states, i.e., +2 and +3. These two oxidation states speed up and increase spun of the reaction thus producing chlorobezene. Secondly, unlike other catalysts, ferric chloride is cheaper and readily available. Ferric chloride as a catalyst is cost effective and relatively non-toxic as compared to other enzymes (Furstner, 2016). The relevant safety authorities consider ferric chloride components as having minimum related concerns.

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As a catalyst, components of iron/ferric chloride binds well to many N- and O-based ligands and N-heterocyclic carbenes among other cognate donors (Furstner, 2016). This feature allows for avoidance of relative and phosphine, resulting in reducing production costs. Secondly, iron spans formal oxidation states that range from -II to +VI which is useful in reducing oxidation and oxidative manifolds (Furstner, 2016). The main advantage of ferric chloride, however, is that it can be recovered after a chemical reaction and reused (Safaei-Ghomi, Ghasemzadeh, & Zahedi, 2012). The separated catalyst can be reused for other chemical reaction to a maximum of six times. However, the there is a notable decline in the rate of reaction with the reused catalyst..Aluminum chloride as a catalyst, on the other hand, is one of the most frequently used form of catalyst. The main advantage for this catalyst is its ability to attract and retain electrons from other atoms and molecules thus efficiency in the chemical process (Eyley, 2018). Secondly, the catalyst is widely used for its ability to transfer hydrides to electron deficient atom during the chemical reaction process (Olah, & Molnar, 2003). However, the main limitation of aluminum chloride as a catalyst is that it takes longer reaction time as compared to other catalysts.

Stannic chloride is a fuming liquid with a strong pungent order used as a catalyst in the production of chlorobenzene. The main benefits of the catalysts relate to its high water tolerance as well as cost effectiveness. It also provides an opportunity for reuse in homogeneous catalysis conditions (Ferreira, Cardoso, & da Silva, 2012). However, the main limiting factor for stannic chloride is slow in its reaction, and thus a chemical reaction with stannic chloride as a catalyst is bound to take longer.

References

Eyley, S. (2018). Aluminum chloride - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemical-engineering/aluminum-chloride

Ferreira, A. B., Lemos Cardoso, A., & da Silva, M. J. (2012). Tin-catalyzed esterification and transesterification reactions: a review. ISRN Renewable Energy, 2012.

Furstner, A. (2016). Iron catalysis in organic synthesis: A critical assessment of what it takes to make this base metal a multitasking champion. ACS central science, 2(11), 778-789.

Olah, G. A., & Molnar, A. (2003). Hydrocarbon chemistry.

Safaei-Ghomi, J., Ghasemzadeh, M. A., & Zahedi, S. (2012). FeCl 3. nano SiO 2: An Efficient Heterogeneous Nano Catalyst for the Synthesis of 14-Aryl-14 H-dibenzo [a, j] xanthenes and 1, 8-Dioxo-octahydro-xanthenes under Solvent-free Conditions. South African Journal of Chemistry, 65(1), 191-195.