Racial Discrimination & Colorism: Biased Social Outcomes for Persons of Color - Essay Sample

Introduction

Racial discrimination is the discrimination of persons based on their race. Racism is the belief that a particular race is superior or inferior over another, implying that his/her biological status preordains a person's social and honorable traits. (Beeman & Narayan, 2011)Colorism is a form of prejudice based on the color of the skin. (Hargrove, 2016)Generally, colorism handicaps dark-skinned individuals and favors light-skinned. Colorism is a continuous issue for persons of color in the USA. Tri-Racial-Order/ system is as a result of changes in the racial structures systems worldwide. (Bonilla-Silva, 2002)The United States seems to be the most affected since it's developing an intricate Latin America-like racial order (Tri-Racial order). This paper discusses racial discrimination faced by black American families in the United States based on colorism and Tri-Racial- Order. The article will also highlight the effects of colorism on black Americans. Also, a brief history of Black Americans shall be outlined. (Chanbonpin, 2015)

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Previously, the Latin Americanization of racial stratification in the USA had operated in line along the bi-racial lines which reflects the (White-non-White) for a long duration of time. "Tri-racial" is a system ranked by classification that consists of Whites at the top, honorary whites in the middle and collective blacks at the bottom. (Beeman & Narayan, 2011)

The "White"- this group would consist of whites, assimilated white Latinos, some multiracial assimilated Narrative Americans, and a few Asian- origin persons.

"Honorary whites" is a category that consists of other multiracial persons: the light-skinned Latinos, Japanese Americans, Korean Americans, and Chinese Americans, among others.

"Collective black" a classification that involves the blacks, Filipinos, West Indian, African immigrants among many.

Today, Americans still do view race in terms of colorism factor: the blacks and the white. An explanation concerning matters of race incorporates the idea that "we are all Americans- irrespective of the color we are." Thus, this establishes the ability to assume the fact that the issue of racism is a problem. (Bonilla-Silva, 2002)However, dwelling on the assumption of the problem, the white dominion extends and the blacks, together with other minorities, do continue to persevere in inequality. And this creates an argument fewer grounds to initiate the matters of discrimination. Similarly, Burakumin in Japan deals uniquely with issues concerning racism/discrimination, which are nameless, yet the problem remains unsolved.

Reasons for the Existence of Tri-Racial Order

More intricate tri-racial order might appear naturally such that the "darkening" of the United States.

Existence of a tri-racial order might serve to boost and maintain white supremacy, and this is achievable by creating an intermediary racial group to mitigate ethnic conflict.

Concerning the tri-racial model, the contrast from the black -nonblack disintegrates since large numbers of Latinos are racialized in a look-alike to African Americans, thus falling on the dark-skinned side of the divide.

Few newly immigrated persons might be categorized in the honorary white strata where might eventually become white. Majority wing would be allocated in the collective black levels not leaving the Latino immigrants who labeled as "racial others."

Racial discrimination faced by black American families and the effects of Colorism.Black Americans also referred to as African Americans. Three decades ago leaders of seventy-five black groups converged at Chicago's Hyatt Regency O'Hare Hotel to dispute the new agenda of national black. (Aja, 2012) Through an advocate by the name, Jackson publicized that persons of their race opted being described as "African-American." The press to replace the term "black" which successfully he was able to attain his main objective gradually. (Bonilla-Silva, 2002) Jackson's cultural provocative suggested of an ethnic reference for racial with a purpose of establishing as much as project a sense of ethnic identification amid black Americans. This recollected the successful pressing of "black" over "Negro" for two decades earlier and also other themes of the Black Power Movement of the late 1960s. (Chanbonpin, 2015)

Agreeable that a name can be more than a tag since they can bear strong imagery. They are being called African American do possess cultural integrity since it positions the African American in their proper historical context. (Hargrove, 2016) Distinct ethnic groups in America do have a current or past cultural reference. African-Americans have attained the point of artistic maturity. African-American culture has originated from a mix of two cultures; western culture and central Africa culture.

Formerly, the first twenty Africans regarded as Negroes are known to have landed in the Northern part of America at Jamestown, Virginia through Cape Comfort back in the sixteenth century as servants. Typically, Afro-Americans are referred to as Descendants of enslaved black persons from the United States. (Bonilla-Silva, 2002)These people from West Africa were forcibly captured as slaves even though the black people continued to be enslaved after the founding of U.S. only four million of the arrested were liberated after the Civil War in the year 1865. Due to the perception of the white supremacy, the African American was treated as second- class citizens. U.S. citizenship was limited to only the whites, and also only the whites would have the right to vote for that matter.

The approximate population of African Americans is 14.1% of the total population in the U.S by 2017. This percentage is approximating to forty-five million. African American makes up the third largest racial and ethnic group in the United States below the White Americans and Hispanic and Latino Americans. (Hargrove, 2016)

Racial discrimination is a significant irritant for African Americans subjected to negative repercussions for both mental and physical health. Findings made shows that these substantially has a massive impact on the families even though shallow research has been done concerning the association between racial discrimination and couple operation. (Bonilla-Silva, 2002) Incidences regarding discrimination are more common between men and women in which they were most disadvantaged in their relationships - narrowing down to gender-based male reported high levels of relationship instabilities and psychological aggression if they encountered extensive racial discrimination while women reported extreme levels of physical aggression if they experienced higher standards of racial discrimination. Outcomes duplicated when regulating the financial challenges and distinguished impacts concerning discrimination were exhibited. Interpretation of the results obtained indicates that racial bias might negatively affect the relationships among African Americans. (Chanbonpin, 2015)

A significant racial wealth gap has been created between the whites, and the great recession caused the black Americans households. In America, it is seen that wealth is unequally distributed by race. (Hargrove, 2016) The African American families possess just a fraction of the wealth of the white families thus left more economically insecure and with countable opportunities for economic mobility. (Aja, 2012) Less wealth interprets fewer chances for upward mobility.

Also, African Americans report efforts to evade the potential discrimination or minimize their likelihood to encounter with the police. Approximately, a third of the African Americans stated that they avoided making calls to the police, and others declined to have medical care even at the point of need just fearing to encounter discrimination. (Bonilla-Silva, 2002)Another fraction of the African Americans failed to participate in social events and things like driving a car to evade from direct contact with police and other top officials in the government. Thus, leading lives that seem like they are under captivity. (Chanbonpin, 2015)

Institutions people's discrimination. African Americans tend to experience discrimination when applying for jobs, when demanding equal payment for instance in promotions, when they want to vote or take part in politics, at the point when a doctor need attend them while applying to college and also when trying to rent/buy a house. African Americans experienced discrimination in workplaces. This intimidates the African American individuals since they tend to wonder why encounter segregation in all areas. (Hargrove, 2016)

Perception of the local community regarding discrimination. There are some African Americans who fear or avoid the whites in some scenarios just because they found others instilled with fear. Others tend to face discrimination in courts where colorism is a factor. (Chanbonpin, 2015)Some also encountered discrimination by how they were referred to using names; "negroes" "black" yet they deserve equal treatment since they aren't less of persons. (Johnson, 2019)They also encounter fewer employment opportunities, and to the lucky ones who are employed, they are paid less than the Whites for equal work.

Additionally, the children of the blacks are denied corresponding right and access to quality education due to unfriendly pocket. (Bonilla-Silva, 2002)

Perception and evaluation of community environment. Africans Americans dwell in areas that are predominated with blacks. Generally, the economic status within the area is relatively lower; middle-level income. (Hargrove, 2016) Allocation of public resources such as health facilities among others also portrays an element of discrimination since they differ with similar facilities in areas where whites are dominant regarding service provision, equipping the facility, among others. Three main aspects where African Americans feel disadvantaged due to color are local employment opportunities, quality of public schools, and the availability of public transportation. (Aja, 2012)

African Americans tend to ensure their public safety is exceptional as we have seen earlier that there are no good relations between the police and the African Americans since they try to avoid encountering them all through. Even though the Africans Americans were reed from slavery and allowed the right to vote, there still exist either formal or informal discrimination, thus to determine who have the right to vote. Some states in the U.S did not deny women the right to vote irrespective of their racial status. (Hargrove, 2016) In an incident where decision making is required, African Americans are denied the right to make up their mind by the local police, and they are executed to forcefully carry the task unlike for a white no one would have manipulated them in a similar situation. (Bonilla et al., 2003)

The passing of the civil rights activist was debated and passed in 1964 that illegalized the discrimination and vividly stated that it was still illegal to possess different voter registration, which was a requirement for diversified races. (Johnson, 2019)To terminate the racial segregation in the government developed among African American, which gradually progressed after the termination of World War II. (Bonilla-Silva, 2002)President Harry S. Truman signed an executive order 9981, and this marked the end of segregation in the United States Armed Forces. The non-whites and the liberated male slaves enjoyed the right to vote by the Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. (Chanbonpin, 2015) The southern states subdued the right to vote to the blacks and the poor white voters through Jim Crow Laws. Through the civil right Act of 1866 awarded the blacks with the right to be full U.S. citizens.

African Americans tend to be overburdened with more costly debts...