Research Paper on Protestant Movements

Introduction

Luther was a German minister and educator of Theology at Wittenberg University. He began the Reformation in 1517 by posting, in any occasion as demonstrated by custom, his '95 Theses' on the beginning of the blessed places in Wittenberg, Germany (Dickens, A. G., & Firth, L. 2014, 55). The hypothesis in his life determined his ideas regarding the practices of the church. He was against the indulgences that were developed by Pope Leo X which had requested for financial transactions so that individuals could go to heaven. Martin Luther encountered the crisis in spirituality and therefore believed that his thoughts would still be sinful even if he tried to do better things in life. It was clear to him that, those who will enter heaven would only succeed through their faith. He believed that the bible is the only means of hope to many and therefore and there is no other shortcut to heaven. There had been a counter-reformation earlier when the church refused to uphold the ideas of Martin Luther. The variations such as Calvinism and being told to disavow were the main challenges he faced from the church. The church of the trend was developed to deter the ideas of Luther such as denial of justification by faith, promoting purgatory and indulgences and accepted the correctness as well as the necessity of the religious art. This led to the promotion of the essence of the seven sacraments and transubstantiation. Catholic Church hoped to check whether craftsmanship conveyed the narratives of the Bible adequately and unmistakably. Protestants then again, generally lost the support of the Church and religious pictures. This aspect helped to address the challenges of reformation violence that resulted from Luther ideas.

Is your time best spent reading someone else’s essay? Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER!

Order now

Ulrich Zwingli was also addressing the aspect of reformation based on the ideas of Luther and was found in Switzerland even though he died in a war without accomplishing all his dreams. He helped to address the mass with new ways of worship that enabled them to at least gain entry to heaven (Zwingli, U., & Bullinger, H. 2016, 55). He was the father of the Reformed custom which spread out in various ways transversely over Switzerland and southern Germany, to France among the Huguenots, Holland, England and Scotland among the Congregationalists and Presbyterians, across over to the New World among the Congregationalists of New England and the Presbyterian, Dutch and German Reformed Churches of the Middle Colonies. Despite the fact that Zwingli is the originator of this tradition, his activity data has been dominated by that of John Calvin, the second time Reformer who was at Geneva on the contrary side of what is by and by current Switzerland, assumed control over the central authority. The exposition of the Christian faith developed shortly before he passed away in 1531; help believers to put their trust in God. The broadly changed Catholic Church which Zwingli imagined was never established, but his successors such as Heinrich Bullinger who established most of his ideas. Amid his time, the religious change in Switzerland then was chosen by neighborhood officers after they heard discussions between the reformer and delegates of the Catholic Church. The officers were inclined toward changing the wreckage that was in the congregation.

Anabaptists were the most radical reformations in the 16th century in Switzerland and Germany because they later baptized those people who had already been baptized at birth. This was important to them because they never believed in the first baptism (Dyck, C. J. 2015, 40). As described by Muntzer the general public ought to be transformed as well, made more attractive by repealing the benefits of the respectability, by offering rights to the general population, by dispersing riches to all. Luther targeted the accommodation of the social and political specialists, Muntzer lectured revolt. The laborers, particularly poor and abused, heard him and revolted, however, were pulverized at the clash of Frankhausen in 1525. Muntzer was detained, tormented and after that executed.

Furthermore, Muntzer pushed a furnished revolt, Grebel picked pacifism, because a Christian ought not to utilize savagery, notwithstanding for pure motivation. The radicals were vigorously abused, they were slaughtered in Germany and in Zurich they were suffocated in the lake, and harshly condemned (Williams et al., 2015, 60). Various movements were precise in the Anabaptist, and they include antipedobaptist, Illuminism and the anti-trinitarianism. Menno Simon was the leader of the antipedobaptist which implied a refusal to christen the children. Illuminism meant the Holy Spirit was communicating directly to the believers and helping in the dictation of their behaviors. Unitarian further opted to reconcile revelation and reason and therefore ignored the aspect of Trinity and described it as non-biblical by its leader Fautso Socin. The ideological beliefs between the Christians made them kill each other as they sought to strengthen the leadership of the church. The final reconstruction did not have any desire to keep anything of the Catholic Church. Its motivation was to pursue the missional model, to reproduce the Church of the New Testament by destroying the legacy of past hundreds of years. It never won with regards to prevailing upon a domain, nor in having a regional focus, however, did this nearly occur in Poland. It additionally turned out to be very powerful in Transylvania, yet never led a locale. The last reformation was fundamentally made of little, attentive, and frequently persuasive gatherings lead by negligible savvy people who meandered all over Europe, for example, Servet, Marpeck, Schlatter, and Joris among others.

John Calvin began his development by failing to believe the Roman Catholic teachings that existed during his reign. He thought that the Bible was the primary source of reality to all human though many did not follow its guidelines. Failure of many to follow the biblical instructions was not supposed to be ignored, but leaders should still work with them because it is like God had already decided who would enter heaven according to the predestination. He was addicted to the ideas of Martin Luther that individuals could not do anything better that will deserve them to go to heaven. The bible however according to him could help people to address their worries and happiness (Spitz, L. W. 2015, 66). The government of Geneva Switzerland changed its ideas and adopted Calvinism.

Conclusion

The English protestant reformations that took place in England were religious and political. In this case, the church in England broke away from the leadership of pope clement as well as from the laws of the Roman Catholic Church. Pope Clement VII incensed Henry VIII by refusing him the grant of annulment in marriage. Henry VIII reigned when the church was prepared to make some changes such as the liturgy in England based on the development of the Book of Common Prayer. Mary, Edward, and Elizabeth were the three children of Henry VIII, and they all became kings and queens of England (Weir, A. 2017, 65). All the three children did not bore children themselves making their dynasties to end after their death easily. Mary was later named Bloody Mary because of her persecution and execution of the Protestants in the early Catholic Church. There were significant factors that led to the breaking away of the England church which include the decline of feudalism and the upcoming of nationalism in Europe. There were other issues such as the arrival of the common law, printing press, high transmission of the Bible as well as the increased knowledge from the scholars who emerged. The government policy was the main aim of the Protestant Reformation in England (Rex, R. 2016, 70). These factors to the separation of the church in Rome and England.

Bibliography

Dickens, A. G., & Firth, L. (2014). The German Nation and Martin Luther (Vol. 21). London: Edward Arnold.55

Dyck, C. J. (2015). An Introduction to Mennonite history: A popular history of the Anabaptists and the Mennonites. Herald Press.1-45

Rex, R. (2016). Henry VIII and the English reformation. Macmillan International Higher Education.42-77

Spitz, L. W. (2015). The Protestant Reformation, 1517-1559(Vol. 3). Harpercollins.33-123

Weir, A. (2017). The Children of Henry VIII. Random House Digital, Inc.55-200

Williams, G. H., & Williams, G. H. (2015). The radical reformation (p. 1529). Philadelphia: Westminster Press.1-67

Zwingli, U., & Bullinger, H. (2016). Zwingli and Bullinger (Vol. 24). Westminster John Knox Press.44-100