How the Ancient America Was Discovered and Populated - History Paper Example

They are numerous stories told about our past. In fact, some have materials prove to support them while others are just assumed to have occurred. Until recently students were taught that America was discovered several centuries ago by Columbus or through colonization of Plymouth and Jamestown. Nevertheless, the ancient archaeology historical sites and monumental architectural works are among the scattered reminders of the American history giving a different perception. For instance, the artificial earthen mounds and the massive serpent effigy snake are among the site associated with the Indian civilization. However, between 1830-1840the Indians were confined to west of Mississippi and later to a smaller reserve (Davidson, DeLay and Herman 2). With this seclusion, many people developed a different opinion on the continents ancient sites. For example, politicians, scientists, and other influential writers attributed the built mounds to people of Africa, Europe, Asia or Japan. In the 19th century, the majority of those concerned with the discovery and how America was populated adopted the ideology that King Madoc from Wales had a ship wreckage in America and left behind a small number of ingenious population of Welsh who were later overrun by Indians.

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However, all these tales in the 20th century were discredited and in the recent decade's scientists, and archaeologists have been working across America and discovered the growth of western hemisphere (Davidson, DeLay and Herman 3). They have also cleared the confusion created by politics and other individualistic people on the importance of American history before 1492. Today, by the help of genetics and archaeology the first inhabitants of America were Serbians who arrived more than 15500 years ago BC. The Serbians were nomads and moved along the Pacific Coastline to the Great Plains in the north. After a few thousand years the Serbians descendants had managed to spread to all corners of America. After some years there was the rise in global temperatures resulting in the emergence of a new ecosystem which was more conducive for people to move to America through waterways. It meant that Asians, Africans, and Europeans would easily access America from different water bodies.

The many tribes of American Indians in the United States of America

Indians settlement dominated the North America which contributed to the rise American Indians tribes. Some people would refer to the American Indians as Native American as they felt being called Indians is offensive, or it is not appropriate. However, the Native Americans are widely spread in Alaska while American Indians are referring to Aboriginal people mainly dominated the lower forty-eight states. For this reason, anyone born and raised in the western hemisphere was a Native American. They are more than 565 Indian tribes in the United States. The tribes occupy the Alaska, eastern Oklahoma and the Great Plains regions in large numbers. They are also another area with traces of the Native Americans such as Navajo, Pacific, and Northwest among other sections.

Shakori Indians are among the typical American Indian tribes living in the North Carolina. They allied with Catawba Indians to form the Carolina Siouan group. The Pueblo Indians, on the other hand, are linked with the Arizona and New Mexico and are believed to have descended from Anasazi civilization. Also, Shawnee tribe lives in Oklahoma as they were deprived their homeland by the fighting communities with the pressure of the wars going past Mississippi. Other American Indian tribes are Sioux, Cheyenne, Mandan, Quassarte, Choctaw, Cherokee, and Kumeyaay.

A history of the English society at the Chesapeake Bay

By 1700 Spain had conquered the northern reach of American possession acquiring a lot of wealth to the extent that the other colonial powers that are England and France envied their progress. In fact, by 1600 the European kingdoms were already viewing oversea colonies as a significant source of prosperity and power. The oversea countries would supply their mother countries with raw materials and take in the surplus commodities produced by their companies. At this instant, the England King James I approved the desire of England to colonize the Chesapeake Bay one of the inlets of Atlantic Ocean. In 1606 the Virginia Company was granted a charter with some of its members forming the joint stock company to support investment in the colonies (Davidson, DeLay and Herman 43). From the sales of their shares, the company planned to finance the passage of the unfortunate, craft workers and unemployed to Virginia. In return, the benefits were to serve the company for seven years by helping them in the production of tar, furs, or timbers in North America. However, a good score of the immigrants suffered from typhoid and yellow fever and died before the end of the agreed period. To counter this tragedy the company formulated a strategy of giving free land to individuals as tobacco farming continued to boom. The effort yielded as more than 150000 migrants moved to Virginia were the first wave of English migrants to the Chesapeake Bay.

The primary challenge faced by immigrants was that the death rate in Virginia was higher as compared to that of England during the epidemic diseases. For this reason about 40 percent of servants did not survive to see the end of the agreed terms. Due to high death rate and the expenses incurred to cater for servants made the masters opt for a cheaper source of labor and as a result, slavery started in Chesapeake. The changes in Chesapeake society led in rising of racism where whites could contempt the black. In their attempt to separate the whites and blacks, the Virginia assembly provided means of freeing servants to get a better start as independent farmers. The changes saw Chesapeake evolve to stability as the prices of tobacco rose (Davidson, DeLay and Herman 47). It doomed that the small farmers who were servants could benefit from their farms. Therefore, the whites who were serving as servants could now share the wealth with the wealthy gentlemen of the same color and were made equal by law.

The significance of Boston Bay Area in the evolution of U.S.

Boston Bay Area is in Boston, Massachusetts. Boston played a vital role at the beginning of Colonial Resistance. As a result of the unlawful taxation of property through schemes such as the Stamp Act, the traders of Boston, New York, and Philadelphia decided to stop importing English merchandises to pressure British merchants to lobby for repeal. The Liberty uprising and the onset of British troops in Boston pushed colonial assemblies to manage their resistance more closely. Citizens frequently cursed British soldiers and pelted with stones and dirt. They were unpopular among Bostons working classes because they contested with them for jobs and even offered their services at cheaper rates than what locals charged.

By 1769 clashes between British regulars and Boston workers broke out frequently. Such confrontations led to the Boston Massacre on the night of March 5, 1770, in King Street. On this particular event, the soldiers guarding the customs house fended off insults and snowballs with live fire, injuring eleven rioters and killing five. Captain Preston Thomas and six of his men were on trial for murder where Preston was acquitted together with four of the soldiers. Two other soldiers were convicted of manslaughter. December 16, 1773, marked a significant protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston where three hundred and forty-two chests of tea were dumped into the harbor (Davidson, DeLay and Herman 92). They disguised themselves as Mohawk Indians as they boarded the three British tea ships, the Dartmouth, the Eleanor, and the Beaver, containing the chests of tea. Their actions were in protest of the British Parliaments Tea Act of 1773 whose main aim was to save the East India Company (Davidson, DeLay and Herman 99). Colonists perceived the act as taxation tyranny because East India Company enjoyed the lowering of its tea tax giving it an upper hand in the American tea trade. The British withdrew from Boston in 1775.

How England ultimately prevailed over other European nations in the colonization of North America in US and Canada.

Early New Englanders established most of their settlements with the main aim of stability and order. Most New Englanders modeled the tight-knit communities they were accustomed to in England. New England farmers also initially had no incentive to import scores of servants and slaves or to create large plantations. Some English colonies in North America were established through a system of Proprietary Governors. Propriety Governors were personalities given the power to govern a proprietary colony. Under this system individual or companies were given commercial charters by the monarchs of England to found colonies. In 1610, the Society of Merchant Venturers (a chartered company), established a permanent settlement at Cuper's Cove, Jamestown. Virginia was founded in 1607. It was made possible by the London Company (Virginia Company). The London Company was created in 1606 by royal charter with the purpose of founding colonial settlements in North America. King James, I approved a private venture to colonize the Chesapeake Bay to ensure the self-sufficiency of England. Virginia Company experienced numerous problems which almost led to its downfall such as starvation of early settlers. Despite all odds, Virginia Company managers were determined to salvage their investment.

In 1618 set in place sweeping reforms. Among the reforms was the new system for granting land to individuals where settlers were given large pieces of land to cultivate (Davidson, DeLay and Herman 43). Moreover, martial law was abolished allowing the settlers to elect a representative assembly. The company chose a governor and an advisory council. The new measures produced immediate benefits as both free laborers and those who were not free migrated to the English colonies. The rising cultivation of tobacco put immersive pressure on Indian land and claimed many lives through the conflict that arose. In 1624, the Virginia Companys control was taken by the king and would be governed as a royal colony due to the realization that eminent bankruptcy would befall the company without intervention (Davidson, DeLay and Herman 45).

The story of Martin Luther and the dynamics of religion in fostering the establishment of colonies and countries in North America.

Martin Luther was a composer, monk, priest, German professor of Theology. Lutheranism is a section of Christianity that follows the theology of Martin Luther and its followers are known as Lutherans. Martin Luther is renowned for his Ninety-five Theses of 1517. Here he intensely disputed the belief that liberty from God's reprimand due to sin could be bought with money. One of the essential doctrines according to Luther was the doctrine of justification. It dealt with the act by which God declared a sinner righteous. He argued that redemption could only be made possible through faith in Jesus Christ, the Messiah, and Gods grace. Luther saw that the church was corrupt and had lost sight of true Christianity. He talks further about the issue in his 1525 publication On the Bondage of the will. Luthers rejection of some teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church put him at warheads with the church. Moreover, his refusal to relinquish all of his writings at the demand of Pope Leo X in 1520 and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms in 1521 occasioned to his excommunication by the Pope. On 25th May 1521 the Emperor launched the final draft of the Edict of Worms, where he declared Luther an outlaw and banned his literature. The Emperor called for his arr...