Hydration Status: Examining Body Weight & Urine Indices - Research Paper

Introduction

The hydration status of a feline patient can be examined using various parameters that include; first, measuring the changes in body weight. The daily fluctuation of the animal's body weight is related to varying changes in hydration status since the feline patient body tends to have limited capability to use the adipose tissue as a source of energy. It is therefore assumed that the daily changes in weight is proportional to the amount of water gained or lost. Secondly, urine induces. Due to the highly controlled process to maintain body fluid balance and the small insensible water loses, the amount of urine excreted is considered to be roughly proportional to the amount of fluids consumed (Hoste, Maitland, Brudney, Mehta, Vincent, Yates, & Shaw, 2014). Thirdly, hematological indices. Most hematological parameters are used to describe the animal's hydration status since they are usually easy to obtain, and they normally require the expertise and equipment's that are available in veterinary clinics.

Is your time best spent reading someone else’s essay? Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER!

Order now

The Purpose of Each Phase of Fluid Therapy for a Female Feline Patient Assuming That the Patient is Not Showing Any Sign of Shock

If the feline patient is not showing any sign of a shock, he or she is in the stabilization phase. This phase reflects on the moment at which the patient is in a steady state so that the fluid can now be used for the on-going maintenance, such as setting the normal fluid loses. In this phase, the fluid infusion can also be conducted if the patient was experiencing continuous loses due to unresolved pathology. When the cat weighs 8lb and does not show any signs of diarrhea or vomiting it can be considered to be in the de-escalation phase, which usually shows that the clinical conditions have improved in this phase, the fluid is usually removed from the patient, and the main purpose of this phase is to promote negative fluid balance.

How Should You Monitor the IV Fluid Therapy In the Feline Patient?

The IV fluid therapy for a feline patient can be monitored using various methods that include, first, monitoring the laboratory values on the concentration of creatinine, urea, and the electrolytes. Monitoring these values will help to ensure that the patient has received the right amount of IV fluid. Secondly, daily monitoring of the clinical fluid status. Constant monitoring of the clinical fluid status helps to ensure that the fluid being given has the right amount of the needed components (Hoste et al., 2014). Thirdly constant weight measurements at least twice a week. Measuring feline patients weight helps to estimate the amount of fluid that is gained.

The Importance of Monitoring the Patients Receiving IV Fluid Therapy

It is important to monitor the patients receiving the IV fluid therapy due to various reasons that include; first, to prevent any complications. For instance, for the patients receiving the IV fluids containing the chloride concentration, they should be closely monitored to ensure that the serum chloride does not result to hyperchloraemia complication. Secondly, to ensure that the patient has received the right proportions of the IV fluid contents Such as urea and the electrolytes. Most of this component usually play a key role in the feline patient life; therefore, they should be well balanced. Thirdly, to ensure that the feline patient is responsive to IV therapy. When constant monitoring is initiated, all the patients tend to respond effectively to fluid therapy since it is easy to identify any patient having problems with the I fluid.

How to Perform a CPR in the Labrador Retriever In the Veterinary Clinic

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the combination of chest compressions and artificial respiration, and it is mainly performed when you cannot feel the animal's heartbeat. Once an animal stops breathing, its heart tends to go to cardiac arrest and finally ceases beating. The main goal of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation is to regain the partial flow of the oxygenated blood to the heart and brain (Posner, Mariani, Swanson, Asakawa, Campbell, & King, 2014). CPR is performed to delay the rate of tissue death and extend the short window of opportunity to facilitate successful resuscitation with no permanent brain damage.

The Steps of Veterinary CPR and How it is Performed

Before starting to perform the cardiopulmonary resuscitation on an animal, one should first assess the animal's condition by checking various things that include, first, is the animal breathing?. To know whether the animal is breathing, one should check the animal's nose and feel its breath. If it is not breathing, one should check the blockage of the airway.

Secondly, do you feel the dog's heart beating? In most cases, the femoral artery located in the inner thigh tends to be the easiest place to listen to the dog's heart rate. If you cannot catch the dog's heartbeat at the femoral artery, try just above the metacarpal pad. It the dog has a pulse, but it is not breathing; one can start performing the cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

The Steps of a Veterinary CPR on a Labrador Retriever:

• Lay the dog on a flat surface with the dog's right side lying against the surface
• Put your palm on the dog's rib cage near the heart region and then put your other hand on top of it.
• Without allowing your elbow to bend, press the dog's ribcage in a downward position.
• Compress the dog's chest one-third up to one-half the normal width of the chest. The compression rate should be approximately one hundred to one hundred and twenty chest compressions per minute
• Close the dog's muzzle using your hands before starting the artificial respiration. Give two rescue breaths into the dog's nose after every ten to fifteen chest compressions.
• Continue doing the CPR and giving the rescue breaths until the dog starts to breathe again, and it remains a steady pulse.
• If the dog under resuscitation does not show any signs of regaining consciousness after approximately ten minutes, one can stop the resuscitation since it has proven not to be successful.

The Emergency Crush Cart and the Items That Would Be Used in it When Performing the CPR

The emergency crush cart is a set of drawers, shelves, and trays on wheels that are used in hospitals to transport and dispense the emergency equipment's and medication at the site of surgical and medical emergency for life support purposes and to potentially save a life. The crash cart mainly carries the medical instruments used for CPR and other crucial medical supplies or instruments while still functioning as a life support litter for the patient(Posner et al., 2014). Some of the items that one would use from the crash cart when performing the CPR include defibrillators, valve mask, advanced cardiac life support drugs, and the sanction devices.

The Primary Patient Factors and the Environmental Factors That Can Result to Delayed Healing of Traumatic Wounds in Animals

Delayed wound healing tends to occur due to various factors such as the environmental and patient factors affecting the animal. The primary patient factors affecting the healing of traumatic wounds in animals include. First, the age of the animal, there are usually many overall changes in wound healing capabilities that are associated with old age. According to research, old animals tend to have delayed would healing because of various factors that are associated with physical changes (Reiss, Han, Garcia, Goldberg, & Garner, 2010). For instance, the process of epithelialization tends to be slow, the body's inflammatory response tends to be reduced, and the body experiences a delay in angiogenesis. Secondly, poor nutrition. The animal's nutrition tends to be a key determinant of how long the traumatic wound will take to heal. For instance, when the calories in the body are reduced, the body tends to break down the reserve protein to produce energy, thus further reducing the body's ability to heal. Thirdly, chronic disease, developing certain chronic diseases such as diabetes may hinder the wound healing process. Good wound healing process requires effective blood flow; therefore, the chronic conditions that compromise the flow of blood at the wound may require immediate therapeutic intervention.

On the other hand, the environmental factors affecting the healing of the traumatic wound include, first, lack of skin moisture. The animal's skin needs an adequate amount of moisture and fluid to remain viable. If the animal is prawn to have dry skin, it tends to be at risk of developing infection and skin lesions that tend to hinder the wound healing process. Also, if the skin is too wet, the animals also tend to be at risk of developing maceration or infections. Secondly, temperature. In most cases, the wound healing process tends to be dependent on environmental temperatures. If the wound is exposed to very high temperatures, it tends to take a lot of time to heal.

Choose One Environmental and One Patient Factor That That Delays Wound Healing and Then Discuss the Biological Basis By Which This Factor Delays Wound Healing

One of the patient factors that affect wound healing is age. Age tends to be a key determiner of how long a particular would will take to heal. The age of the animal tends to inhibit various body functions and capabilities that are crucial in wound healing. For instance, the old age tends to cause a delay in angiogenesis and also slows down the epithelisation process (Hess, 2011). Hindrance of this body factors tends to impact the wound healing process significantly. The main environmental process that affects wound healing is inadequate skin moisture. Inadequate skin moisture tends to put the skin at risk of developing infections and lesions. Some of the infections that are developed tend to so serious such that they hinder the normal healing process of the wound.

For the Patient and Environmental Factor Chosen List, the Measures That Should Be Taken to Minimise the Risks Involved

To improve the wound healing process that is usually inhibited by the age of the animal, we can implement various measures such as eating a proper diet. The old animal's immunity and response to various infections tend to be significantly reduced. They can, however, be improved through the consumption of a balanced diet that contains all the crucial body nutrients. Eating a balanced diet helps to boost body immunity, thus enhancing its ability to fight infections and facilitating the quick wound healing process. If the animal is consuming a balanced diet, the body is able to produce enough antibodies s to facilitate quick healing of the wound. On the other hand, the issue of reduced body moisture can be improved by implementing various measures that include, first, ensuring that the affected animal is drinking a lot of water to help the body to remain hydrated at all time. Water tends to be a crucial element that facilitates quick wound healing process; therefore, in case of any water deficiency, the wound tends to take a lot of time to heal. Secondly, the patients should also ensure that they would remain covered at all time. This will help to prevent the wound from being dehydrated. Covering the wound helps to maintain the moist wound environment that is essential in the wound healing process.

Steps Involved in Extra Oral and Intraoral Dental Examination and the Rationale behind Doing the Extra Oral Examination

The intraoral and extraoral dental examination in animals such as cats and dogs is very crucial before deciding on the appropriate dental treatment method. The examination should be conducted systematically and thoroughly t...