Political Realism: Explaining Power in Politics - Essay Sample

Introduction

Political realism is political philosophy theory that provides an attempt to give an explanation and prescribe political relation in depth. It explains that power is the major and primary end in political action either in domestic or international position. Furthermore, it is described as pollical power in the traditional context of international relations. The theory is usually used by the researcher, especially those interested in questioning the state of power, conflicting nations, and national interest pursuit. According to (Sagar & Sabl, 2018) political realist usually assume the one in charge of world politics is the territorial sovereign states. For instance, the establishment of royal charter 1670, the king of England Charles could provide permission grant for the HBC corporation to all land having watersheds of the Hudson's Bay according to the rights " absolute lord and proprietors" Other proponent presume that power clash results from states with insatiable appetite for power, and self- serving which is the major cause of competition for power. The use of balance powers is advocated to manage interstate conflict. Therefore, as one state attempt to achieve power over world dominance, they are inevitably get countered by other states who provide collective resistance. Additionally, others political realist has suggested that a dominant state can as well bring stability to world order if only they can maintain a high degree of international rules at the same time being able to contain conflicting nations.

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In the context of hegemonic stability theory, using an example of dominance state like the USA can explain globalization. It has provided the primacy as well as the concurrently make a controlled competition environment among various states. Hence the transparency connectivity the USA has shown, uncertainty, allow the state to extend their national interest promotion, and continuously further it ranks in power.

Conclusively, political realism has majorly contributed to power relation reduction by creating transparency in terms of states hierarchies. The cooperation between Pacific Fur Company (PFU) New York-based with Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) eases the exploration ventures as the corporates trade in Oregon. Presently, stimulation of contemporary globalization has been achieved through the primacy of states such as the USA and other supportive governments. This has enabled orienting the process of globalization in a particular direction, thus enhance the realization of benefit, which boosts and increase Transworld connectivity in alignment to dominant states.

Marxism

Marxism theories provide an explanation of globalization that contributes to class relation power. It is a theory principle in political economy that critique orthodoxy related to liberalism. Scholars and researchers interested in capitalism transcendence, production models, emancipation socially, and social exploitation as a result of unequal distribution ought to focus on this particular theory. Marxism resort to arguing globalization using a different field for point of views; this includes Geography, Politics, and Sociology.

Marxists explain transplanetary relations expansion as a result of the capital mode of production. Karl Marx anticipated the growth of the world economy and globalization through his writing in "Grundrisse." In the explanation, he noted that capital would grow beyond any border and boundary and conquer the world market. Hence, (LICHTHEIM, 2016) states that Marxist put into account and awareness that globalization result from Transworld connectivity, which creates an opportunity of making profits and accumulation of surplus. particularly, in the Marxist context, globalization is a way of enabling capitalist to increase their resources and power due to laboring and exploitation of other classes of individuals. The PNW exploration, PFC, NWC, and HBC could find fur trading unsuccessful until the forces merge. As a result, the capital generated due to join forces could enable to fund the trade.

On Marxist accounts, the advancement as a result of technology has enabled globalization is due to the historical need of capitalist advancement and development contrary to liberalism argument on the natural human necessity and drive to improve and grow economically. Moreover, their account capitalism and class show a great deal about the relation of power socially and globalization economy contexed in unequal power generation thus resulting to HBC owning more part and pieces of land in Oregon country because it was extensively funded and highly capitalist. Though PFC knew the value of a land resource, unfortunately, they were unable to capitalize on them. However, the class defines the power of globalization though it is not always considered important. While capitalism has played an important role in globalization generation, also social forces are considered far much important in shaping historical materialism theorizes.

Constructivism

It's a theoretical methodology that tries to elaborate on the way people have to evolve with time in their minds as constructed by the social forms; such as symbols interpretation and dynamic languages within our society - as such, resulting from arising of more transplanetary connectivity. Form perspective of ideational, globalization has contributed to a form of dynamic consciousness.

Perhaps, the scholars and researchers, particularly from North America and Western Europe who were determined to develop an alternative perspective, could concentrate particularly on the means and ways the participant were constructing their ideal world. Though both their intellect minds and their relationship and communication with other counterparts. Constructivism shows how the relation and communication with others inter-subject correlates and provide a good ground for a common understanding of reality. For instance, the HBC place Dr. John McLoughlin to be in charge of all HBC values and interest, which includes shipping trade. The intellectual and constructive management of HBC could see its stability in trade. Additionally, (Roberts, 2018) support the theory to project the sharing of our social norms in forms of docile behavioral, solidarity, and groups ways of identifications. As individual conduct, the various conversation among themselves certainly would lead to constructive ideas of building worlds, creation of rules for governing social interaction and also ways of being and self-belonging to the world.

Though constructivism has not explained in-depth about globalization, it can easily be derived from similar literature work. Objectively, transplanetary connectivity has scaled up as individuals continuously reimagine their society on the worldwide vision. Thus, leading to the development of global ways and models of understanding comprising of; social identity, rules, and units.

However, the theory is limited by common issues such as inequalities as well as the power governing hierarchies concerning the social environment. Since HBC was heavily funding the trade in terms of capital, it had the bigger share in almost everything which shows inequality. Usually, the construction of any social reality comes as a result of political resistance and struggle of expression.

References

Sagar, R., & Sabl, A. (2018). Realism in Political Theory.

LICHTHEIM, G. (2016). MARXISM.: ROUTLEDGE.

Roberts, P. (2018). Political constructivism. London: Routledge.