Resilience and Sustainability of Selecting Structural Materials in Constructing Residential Buildings in Saudi Arabia

3 Sustainability Tools and Frameworks, Measures and Benchmarks of Sustainability, Resilience Tools and Frameworks, Integration of Sustainability and Resilience Benchmarks, LEED Climate Resilience Screening Tool: Integrative Resilience Sustainability Framework

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4 Sustainable structural materials, case studies on Saudi Arabia Built Environment

5 Case for a Saudi Arabia-specific Integrated Resilience-Sustainability Assessment Framework And future scenarios

6 Conclusion, The Propose Methodology

Section 1

Introduction, Aims, Objectives and Limitations

Introduction

This research seeks ways of selecting structural materials that are sustainable and resilience. Building structures play a critical role in environmental protection or degradation depending on their design and energy consumption, water resources consumption in the course of their operation. The population in Saudi Arabia is increasing as more young people relocate to urban areas. With this trend, it deems necessary to have structural buildings that are not only resilience but also sustainable considering the harsh environmental conditions in this region. Such these points support the need to have resilience and sustainable structural material alternatives that will provide economizing available resources and reducing carbon dioxide emissions, reduce wastage of construction materials as well as minimize on the usage of water which is a scarce commodity in the region. Taking to account also that building structures have to withstand extreme weather changes. The research identifies the problems that are aced in the construction sector in relation to sustainability and resilience, and also proposes probable solutions to the problems at hand.

Aim

The main aim of the research is to develop an analysis framework for assessing both resilience and sustainability of selecting structural materials in constructing residential buildings in Saudi Arabia

Objectives

To explore, elaborate, evaluate and explain the key elements in the integration of resilience and the use of alternative sustainable alternative materials in the housing sector, with particular emphasis on the Saudi Arabia built environment.

To reviews the current application of resilience and sustainability in the construction industry in Saudi Arabia with an incorporation of public perception of sustainable homes in the country.

To clarify and justify the reason behind the need to integrate resilience and use of sustainable structural materials in constructing the residential homes in Saudi Arabia by explaining the rationale behind the approach, exploring various means of measuring and assessing resilience and assure sustainable standards.

To study and analysis of best practice on using resilient and sustainable alternatives structural materials including the approach used in the US and the UK taking into account local climatic, environmental, economic and climatic conditions in comparison to Saudi Arabia

To develop on the proposed policies, strategies and perceptions that need to be adopted or modified to ensure successful adoption and implementation of sustainability and resilience in the context Saudi Arabia

Limitation

This study is about integration of both resilience and sustainability features and concepts, considering just the selecting structural materials, specifically focus on residential building in Saudi Arabia. In addition to this, a comparative study and analysis are conducted evaluating best practice in the US and the UK.

Section 2

Sustainability, Resilience and Relationship Between Sustainability and Resilience

Sustainability

Sustainability is a comprehensive and multifaceted concept, which has developed to be an important aspect for consideration in the building sector. Sustainability incorporates a mix of ecological, financial and social obligations. Sustainability is a comprehensive and multifaceted concept, which has developed to be an important aspect for consideration in the building sector. Sustainability incorporates a mix of ecological, financial and social obligations. Given late ecological and vitality worries, there has been an impressive enthusiasm for late years concerning the idea of practical design. The fundamental drivers behind advancing feasible design are certainly environmental and vitality contemplations, wellbeing related concerns and the craving to enhance inhabitants' personal satisfaction. The idea of sustainable improvement can be followed to the vitality (particularly fossil oil) emergency and natural contamination worries of the 1970s (Shaawat & Jamil, 2014). The green building development in the U.S. begun from the need and yearning for more vitality productive and ecologically inviting development rehearses. Present day manageability activities require an incorporated and synergistic plan to both new development and in the retrofitting of existing structures (Elliott, 2012). The underlying spotlight was on the most proficient method to manage the issue of constrained assets, particularly vitality, and on the best way to decrease impacts on the indigenous habitat. The sustainability concept includes developing the quality of life for the people and helping them to live in a healthy situation, as well as developed environmental conditions, economic and social (Lundvall et al., 2002). Sustainability is defined as the ability of the present generation to meet their needs without endangering or compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (United Nations, 1987).

With respect to urban residential buildings, sustainability implies factoring the needs of future generations through biodiversity conservation, efficient utilisation of resources and environmental remediation (Hunt, 2016). Sustainable construction is a term that encompasses the process and structure that is environmentally responsible throughout the whole life cycle of the building (ITU, 2012). As detailed by Hill and Bowen (1997), sustainable buildings must start at the planning stage and progress throughout its whole life to its eventual deconstruction and possible recycling of suitable resources to minimise the waste stream associated with deconstruction. The pertinent cycles include the selection of the site, design, the actual construction, maintenance and operation, renovation, as well as demolition (ITU, 2012). An ideal building project needs to be cost effective to build, be of good quality with little maintenance as defined by (Akadiri et al., 2012). Vital to sustainable construction, therefore, is the optimized utilization of building materials, minimisation of raw material consumption, energy efficiency, and the recovery of materials (Wahlstrom et al, 2013).

ResilienceResilient means; to resist a huge disturbance without becoming totally damaged, disintegrating or in the end changing (Holling, 1996). Resilience is a term that refers to a systems ability to undergo shocks and still retain its structure and function (Gunderson, 2001). At the heart of this concept is the understanding that change is normal, which makes it imperative to reinforce a system to respond to shifting conditions with minimal losses (Redman, 2014). On application of high stresses, the structure can return to normal quickly following stress relief.). In civil engineering, the term is considered as a property of the community instead of the structures alone (Bocchini et al, 2013). The other key aspects are that resilience is about the ability to withstand perturbations and also the availability of means as well as resources to execute a prompt, effective, and efficient recovery (Alshehri, Rezgui & Li, 2013). the capacity of a house to resist an unexpected shock relies almost exclusively on the homes structural traits, but the recovery process is influenced significantly by the economic, political, and technological conditions that exist in the community interested in the restoration of the homes (Berardi, 2012).

A resilient building must have the ability to maintain the system function in case of a disturbance, also have the capacity over time to create, change, and apply multiple adaptive actions in case of unexpected changes (Martin-Breen and Anderies, 2011). Bruneau et al. (2003) articulated that there are four properties that characterise resilience, namely robustness, rapidity, redundancy, and resourcefulness. The first one, robustness, involves the capacity to resist an extreme event and continue to deliver service (Bruneau et al., 2003). Second, rapidity refers to the swiftness with which the domestic structure bounces back from the event to achieve the original functionality level (Bruneau et al., 2003). Redundancy refers to the magnitude to which the components and elements of the affected system are substitutable (Bruneau et al., 2003). Finally, resourcefulness involves the capacity to avail the requisite budget, identify issues, prioritise, and mobilise adequate resources after the external shock (Bruneau et al., 2003). Rapidity and robustness are at times considered resilience goals, while resourcefulness and redundancy are the means necessary to achieve resilience. One of the key lessons from Hurricane Sandy is that there is a need to design f...