Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP): Genetically Tested Health - Essay Sample

Introduction

Single Nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) refers to a difference at one position in a DNA series among humans. The DNA series results from a formation of four bases of the nucleotide within a particular position of the DNA sequence (A, C, G, and T). In a case more than 1% of a given population does not have similar nucleotide at an exact position within the DNA series, then the difference can be called an SNP (White-Laros e al., 2017, 920). DNA FIT health Company uses genetic science techniques to transition into a new nutritional and fitness era. In that connection, this paper seeks to highlight various aspects of how the DNA fit uses SNPs to bring a proper understanding of human health and disease.

Is your time best spent reading someone else’s essay? Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER!

Order now

SNPs exist in all the DNA sequence of the human body. Biological scientists are utilizing different techniques to identify and study some tiny differences in human beings that will eventually usher us to understand disease in a more efficient manner. The SNP variations will equally help in putting in place new effective medical therapies for different diseases. The process involves two different approaches that can help to identify, catalog, and characterize SNPs.

Using genomic methods involves biologists looking at SNPs in a bigger picture. DNA fit Health and Wellness Company in conjunction with other institutions to identify all SNPs in the more than three billion base pair genome. The company incorporates different projects comprising of many scientists who conduct the comparison of different human genomes to identify the variations. The comparison processes involves complex data analysis using computer technology. They work mainly entails sorting out and cataloging their results in different data bases that can be accessed by all persons who can access the internet.

Biological scientists have also come up with functional approaches when they have interest on a particular disease and how it responds to drug and treatment. There are activities that occur in this process of numerous of genes. Here, scientists only select genes that are known to be involved in that specific process, review them among people with disease or drug response and those who do not respond. When scientists compare DNA sequences of different people, they can identify those SNPs with the ability to correspond to a specific function.

According to DNA fit, the SPNs science can help us understand human neonatal care and other aspects of human health and disease (Abou et al., 2018, 26). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contribute massively to the human genetic differences in the molecular age. It is imperative to note that only chromosomal variants that can be seen and the amino acid in the proteins constitute to most known genetic differences in human beings. Over time, these have been limited and were mostly expensive to classify any population level. Some SPNs always appear not to be causing diseases by themselves. However, they may be found near the DNA changes that cause disease predisposition. According to DNA fit, such SNPs can be identified or detected by the use of a method called "Linkage of disequilibrium."

Proper knowledge in SPNs can also enable us to understand health problems relating to the genetics of stroke. According to DNA fit, SPNs that are found in two genes can increase the risk of contracting cerebral venous thrombosis. A single SPN within a gene coding may increase the cerebral venous almost eight times in people carrying a single copy of the variant. The prothrombin G type puts the risk of cerebral venous even as higher as tenfold. In the case of persons who are using birth control pills, research has revealed that the risk could even be higher. In both cases, it has been proven that arterial stroke is highly inevitable.

According to DNA fit, the study of single polymorphisms has become the centre of focus to identify the variations that occur in the DNA sequence. The SPN concept has led to the proposal of one other gene type of genetic variation that causes phenotypic variance. During both deletion and duplication processes, this can lead to affect the expression of a gene by disrupting the process of coding sequences. It can also perturb the long-range gene regulation. Following these SPNs and gene variation mechanisms, it can lead to serious disease susceptibility in human beings. DNA fit has come up with various methods of detecting such copy number variations (CNV).

SPNs studies can help us understand various aspects of genetic systems of the retinal disease. According to DNA fit, there are millions of SPN sites in humans. Some SPNs are only found in one specific population such as Africans only (Biesecker-Lewis et al., 2018). However, the majority of them is polymorphic and found in all human races. By comparing any pair of the human chromosomes base for base, we could realize that each one of us is subject to a nucleotide substitution.

As much as the SNPs are closely associated with diseases that affect human health, it is benefitting to understand how DNA fit has come up with modern technology DNA sequencing. The institution has come with technological advances which have made it easier and more convenient to undergo complete genome sequencing. The study has also proven that the process is much faster and cheaper (D Lucas, 2018, 20). The process will help individuals to understand all the over 3 billion genetic codes in their life. Sources have also indicated that its cheap cost and effectiveness could lead to it becoming incorporated in the public health and medical routine care. The system could as well be used to test problems such as blood pressure. DNA fit has assured through reliable proof that they can conduct genome sequencing for healthy and normal individuals without any negative consequences.

There has been a lot of hope and expectations about this new technology and how it is going to revolutionize the entire medical sector. After studying thousands of middle-aged patients, DNA fit found out that majority of the study population opted for their genomes to be sequenced. About 20% of the researched population was found to be having a number of variants in their genomes that could cause rare but severe genetic diseases (Abou et al., 2018, 340). DNA fit professionals handled the results in a more professional manner that never caused any anxiety or shock among the researched population. It is seen to be an initiative of high medicinal value to the entire population. Upon being diagnosed with gene variants that could cause other diseases, DNA fit recommends various treatments and gives a prescription of drugs that can arrest the situation.

It is also imperative to note that people with such genome variants could be at high risk of diabetes. DNA professionals have various programs that advise patients on how to regulate their weight and manage their sugar levels for their wellness. Some genetic variants have also been detected that could cause the risk of heart diseases (Picher et al., 2018, 5). Through their portals, the DNA fit has made all the information of diagnoses and treatment of such genome variant problems public and accessible by everyone.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the knowledge about SPNs and how they cause genome variants in human life has been seen as a major revolution in the medical sector. Before, people used to wait until some rare but dangerous diseases such as heart problems, stroke, diabetes, and blood pressure attacked. However, with the emergence of the human genome and genetic variation research, DNA fit has been able to change the whole approach and enabled all health care stakeholders to have a different approach. People can today undergo genetic sequencing without any diverse consequences and know if there could be some insidious diseases in their life (Abou et al., 2018). This enables people to budget and plans for their health in good time to resolve such issues. It would be a recommendation that the government puts all the necessary measures in place to empower institutions that are already conducting research to resolve the situation.

References

Abou Tayoun, A.N., Spinner, N.B., Rehm, H.L., Green, R.C. and Bianchi, D.W., 2018. Prenatal DNA sequencing: clinical, counseling, and diagnostic laboratory considerations. Prenatal diagnosis, 38(1), pp.26-32. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/pd.5038

Biesecker, B.B., Lewis, K.L., Umstead, K.L., Johnston, J.J., Turbitt, E., Fishler, K.P., Patton, J.H., Miller, I.M., Heidlebaugh, A.R. and Biesecker, L.G., 2018. Web platform vs in-person genetic counselor for return of carrier results from exome sequencing: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA internal medicine, 178(3), pp.338-346. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2669907

D Lucas, N., 2018. Parental experience with whole exome sequencing reanalysis and its impact on the diagnostic odyssey. https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/4473/

Manolio, T.A., Collins, F.S., Cox, N.J., Goldstein, D.B., Hindorff, L.A., Hunter, D.J., McCarthy, M.I., Ramos, E.M., Cardon, L.R., Chakravarti, A. and Cho, J.H., 2009. Finding the missing heritability of complex diseases. Nature, 461(7265), p.747. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08494

Picher, A.J., Hernandez, F., Budeus, B., Soriano, E. and Avila, J., 2018. Human Brain Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Validation of DNA Sequencing. Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports, (Preprint), pp.1-7. https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease-reports/adr170039

White, S.J., Laros, J.F., Bakker, E., CambonThomsen, A., Eden, M., Leonard, S., Lochmuller, H., Matthijs, G., Mattocks, C., Patton, S. and Payne, K., 2017. Critical points for an accurate human genome analysis. Human mutation, 38(8), pp.912-921. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/humu.23238