Paper Example in Prevalence of Chlamydia Trachomatis in Patients

Introduction

An ectopic pregnancy is a situation where the egg implants on the wall of the fallopian tube due to blockage of the tube leading to the pregnancy usually referred as tubal pregnancy (Bakken et al. 168).

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The fallopian is not designed to hold the developing egg, and therefore the embryo will not develop well and the condition requires treatment. In most cases, ectopic pregnancy occurs due to fallopian tube infections causing its blockage (Adewunmi et al. 118). In some cases, surgery around the pelvic section can also lead to the complication. The condition affects middle-aged women mostly, particularly those ranging between 35 to 44 years. Other cases happen if the women had experienced the condition earlier. Multiple abortions can also lead to ectopic pregnancy along other pitiful action like smoking and drunkenness (Chrysostomou et al. 105).

Therefore, it is of great importance for people to understand about ectopic pregnancy especially women. In other words, learning about its effect and related causal agents would be of much importance so that women can consider preventive measures since failure can result to death. Studies have shown that women who have suffered infection from Chlamydia Trachomatis are at a high risk of ectopic pregnancy (Chrysostomou et al. 103).

More so, Chlamydia Trachomatis infections is said to be the sexually transmitted infection especially to youths who are sexually active an aspect that increases the chances of ectopic pregnancy (Adewunmi et al. 116).

Due to high incidences of ectopic pregnancy especially in women who had at one time been diagnosed with CT infections, a research was carried to examine the correlation that exists between EP and CT.

The finding showed that EP is related with CT in that women diagnosed with Chlamydia infections had increased risks of experiencing ectopic pregnancy compared to women who had no such history.

Therefore, there is need to find measures that will curb with Chlamydia trachomatis infections to minimize cases ectopic pregnancy among women. The following expressed bibliographies examine the evidence for the relation between EP and CT among women at childbearing age.

Annotated Bibliography

Adewunmi, A. A., et al. "The Association between Chlamydia trachomatis and Ectopic Pregnancy in Lagos, Nigeria-A Case-Control Study." Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 05, no. 02, 2015, pp. 115-122., doi:10.4236/ojog.2015.52015.

In this article, the author examines the relation between EP and CT infections. The article further examines other risks associated with the implication. Serological findings indicate that women with past CT infections were more likely to experience EP. Other issues discussed in this article are risks associated with ectopic pregnancy.

Agholor, K, et al. "Association of anti-Chlamydia antibodies with an ectopic pregnancy in Benin City, Nigeria: A case-control study." African Health Sciences, vol. 13, no. 2, May 2013, doi:10.4314/ahs.v13i2.33.

In this article the author identifies the connection between CT and EP by examining an induced antibody response. Serological test of blood samples were carried out to women who had experienced EP and those who had suffered complications in their intrauterine pregnancy control. Results indicated prevalence of serum antibodies among women with EP to those who have normal intrauterine pregnancy. Therefore, it was clear indication that there is indeed a connection between CT and EP.

Bakken, Inger Johanne, et al. "Chlamydia trachomatis Infections Increase the Risk for Ectopic Pregnancy: A Population-Based, Nested Case???Control Study." Sexually Transmitted Diseases, vol. 34, no. 3, 2007, pp. 166-169., doi:10.1097/01.olq.0000230428.06837.f7.

This article aims to examine the danger of ectopic pregnancy in women who had suffered from CT infections against those who had never been diagnosed with the infection. The authors employed collected lab data on CT and compared it with cases of ectopic pregnancy in hospital. The finding indicated that women suffering from Chlamydia Trachomatis were at high danger of experiencing ectopic pregnancy.

Chrysostomou, M., et al. "Serum antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis in women with ectopic pregnancy, normal pregnancy or salpingitis." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, vol. 44, no. 2, 1992, pp. 101-105., doi:10.1016/0028-2243(92)90053-2.

In this article, the authors examine the connection between speculated tubal subclinical illness with Chlamydia trachomatis as the primary cause of tubal infection that may results to infertility and EP cases. The finding affirms that subclinical illness with CT leads to ectopic pregnancy. The study further showed that engaging in sexual acts while with EP leads to more complication.

Enwuru, Chika Paulinus, and Sarah I. Umeh. "Asymptomatic Carriage of Chlamydia trachomatis Among Young Adults in Owerri, South East Nigeria." IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science, vol. 3, no. 2, 2014, pp. 49-53., doi:10.9790/1959-03214953.

In this paper, the authors examine cases of CT infection in both sexes. They compared the incidence of infection and response to treatment in both men and women. The research found that females had increased risk being infected as compared to male since the infection tend to be asymptomatic in females than male. As a result, it was simple to manage the infections in men than in women. The study further showed that since the infection tends to be asymptomatic, it may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease which is linked with ectopic pregnancy EP and also as the cause of infertility among men.

Kihlstrom, Erik, et al. "Antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis in women with infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease, and ectopic pregnancy." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, vol. 35, no. 2-3, 1990, pp. 199-204., doi:10.1016/0028-2243(90)90162-t.

The study examines the presence of CT antibodies which proportional related with the history or presence of an infection. In this research, women admitted to Linkoping Hospital were the reference of the study. Antibody existence indicated present or past infection. Some patients who had experienced EP had earlier been diagnosed with PID. Therefore, the study showcase that treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infections lowers incidences of PID hence minimizing occurrence of tubal damage thus preventing ectopic pregnancy.

Naderi, et al. "Comparison of Chlamydia infection prevalence among patients with and without ectopic pregnancy using the PCR method." Ginekologia Polska, vol 83, no. 11, 2012, pp. 819-821.

The authors in this article aim to examine the rate of CT illness among victims of EP in Iran. The findings showed that patients suffering from Chlamydia trachomatis infections were prone to ectopic pregnancy. With reference to the results, it was clear that CT infection can result from STDS hence increasing cases of ectopic pregnancy.

Svensson, Lars, et al. "Ectopic pregnancy and antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis**Supported by grants from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Lund." Fertility and Sterility, vol. 44, no. 3, 1985, pp. 313-317., doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)48853-

In this article, the authors carry a research to determine the relation between CT infections, ectopic pregnancy and acute salpingitis. The findings indicated that there is existence of similar high incidence of IgG antibodies in acute salpingitis to patient suffering from EP. In other words, the study proved that chlamydia salpingitis can be a causal agent in ectopic pregnancy.